438 



INDEX 



fertilization, adaptation of flowers for, 



351363. 

 ,, chemical stimulus in, 



146. 

 ,, development without, 



145. 



in heredity, 171. 



,, membrane, 147. 



of flowers, 110, 351 



363. 



,, ovum, 85, Fig. 65. 



,, ,, ,, in Ascaris, 131, 



Fig. 64. 

 ,, ,, ,, Coelomata, 



125. 



,, ferns, 105. 



,, ,, Fucus, 101. 



,, ,, Hydra, 118. 



,, ,, ,, ,, medusae, 121. 



fibrillar structure of protoplasm, 



22. 



fibula, 237. 

 fig-wort, 353. 

 filament of stamen, 107. 

 finger, inheritance of mutilation, 



180. 

 First Cause, Erasmus Darwin on, 



372. 



fish eggs, dispersal, 322. 

 fishes, bony, 292. 

 deep sea, 336. 

 ,, geological range, 284. 

 fish-like stage in ontogeny and evo- 

 lution, 272, 273, 277, 278, 279. 

 fission, in Amoeba, 21. 

 Bodo, 87. 

 ,, ,, Copromonas, 83. 

 ,, ,, Hsematococcus, 29. 

 fixation of embryo in uterus, 126. 

 flagella, in Bodo", 87. 

 ,, Eudorina, 91. 

 ,, ,, Hsematococcus, 29. 

 flame, nature of, 2. 

 Flemming, 69. 

 flightless birds, 258. 



,, ,, and fluctuating varia- 



tion, 415. 

 ,, ,, natural selection, 



397, 398. 

 flint, 24. 



floating islands, dispersal by, 324. 

 flower, structure of, 106, 107, Fig. 53. 

 flowering plants, life-history, 106 



112. 

 flowers, adaptation for fertilization, 



351363. 

 sexual characters, 110, 111. 



fluctuating variations, 148, 150, 155, 

 Figs. 72, 73. 



,, ,, and adapta- 



tion, 414, 

 415. 



,, ,, and natural 



selection, 

 414. 

 ,, De Vries on, 



413, 414. 



flukes, parthenogenesis in, 144. 

 foam structure of protoplasm, 21.' 

 foetal membranes, 270, 278. 

 foetus, in Mammalia, 270. 

 food materials of animals, 16. 

 ,, ,, ,, green plants, 30 



32. 



,, nature of, 7. 



,, vacuoles, 14. 



food-yolk, 267, 278. 



influence of, 268, 271. 

 foot, artiodactyl, 241. 

 ,, of apes and monkeys, 424. 

 camel, 241, Fig. 98. 

 ,, deer, 241, Fig. 98. 

 ,, elephant, 239. 

 ,, ,, hippopotamus, 241, Fig. 98. 

 ,, ,, horse, 241, Fig. 97. 

 ,, ,, ,, atavism in, 262. 

 evolution of, 310312, 



Figs. 154158. 

 ,, Litopterna, 253255, Fig. 



109. 



llama, 241. 

 ,, man, 238, Fig. 94. 

 ,, ,, oxen, 241. 

 ,, pig, 241, Fig. 98. 

 ,, ,, rhinoceros, 241. 

 ,, seal, 244, Fig. 100. 

 ,, ,, sheep, 241. 

 ,, tapir, 241, Fig. 96. 

 ,, ungulates, 239241, 253 



255. 



,, pentadactyl, 238. 

 , , perissodactyl, 24 1 . 

 Foraminifera, 26, Fig. 4. 

 fossilization, 287, 288. 

 fowls, Mendelian inheritance in, 200, 



201. 



foxgloves, mutation in, 154. 

 Francotte, 135. 

 Freia, Fig. 9. 



frequency of error, curve, 153. 

 fresh water animals, dispersal, 325, 



326. 



frog, early development, 268 270, 

 Fig. 119. 



