1 1 8 Outlook to Nature 



teach it without a laboratory and apparatus. 

 " I have the ideal laboratory," he replied, " be- 

 cause it is an actual enterprise : it is the cream- 

 ery yonder/' I recognized that he was a 

 prophet. 



The new laboratories. 



The science-teaching developed the labo- 

 ratory. Of course it is fundamental, yet the 

 formal laboratory is not sufficient if we are 

 to teach also by means of affairs. It is 

 only a collection of materials with which to 

 work, formerly dead things, but now live 

 things. We cannot teach affairs in collec- 

 tion-laboratories : we must have actual shops, 

 actual barns, actual enterprises, actual fields, 

 actual gardens, not the materials brought 

 to the pupil, but the pupil taken to the 

 materials. Even the farm and the shop 

 may be made means of education. 



" Object lessons " are excellent means of 

 developing observation, but the " objects " 

 are largely make-believe or are taken out 

 of their natural place and thereby lose much 



