44 PARKS 



on a very few acres if only one, or at the most a few of each variety are 

 used. However, in order to get the best results the area used for an arbo- 

 retum should comprise several hundred acres. Primary consideration in 

 location would include atmospheric conditions, qualities and conditions of 

 soil, topography and accessibility. 



3. Zoological Parks. These are areas devoted to the care and dis- 

 play of specimens of the animal kingdom. The reasons for their inclusion 

 in a park system are to be found in the intimate association in nature 

 between animal and plant life, the never-failing interest and curiosity that 

 people have in animals and the evident enjoyment derived from viewing 

 and studying them. To the scientific student of animal life the zoological 

 park is a laboratory. To the art student it is the source of many interesting 

 models. 



Zoos are generally to be found in medium-sized or large landscaped 

 parks, but a few occupy areas devoted exclusively to zoo purposes, as in 

 Washington, D. C. (the National Zoological Park); Cincinnati, Ohio; 

 Milwaukee, Wisconsin; the new zoo in Detroit, and the new zoo for the 

 city of Chicago. The tendency is toward setting aside specific areas for 

 zoos separate and apart from other types of park properties. 



There is no standard as to size. A small exhibit of native animals or 

 a few specimens of exotic animals kept in a menagerie-like fashion would 

 occupy only a very small space. A small zoo, however, developed along 

 naturalistic lines, especially if it includes grazing animals, may occupy 

 many acres. Zoos developed naturalistically (the only way any zoo should 

 be developed), with a large collection of both native and foreign specimens, 

 would occupy anywhere from fifty acres upwards. The Bronx Zoo in New 

 York comprises two hundred and sixty-four acres of land and water. The 

 location of a zoo involves consideration of good atmospheric conditions, 

 topography, adequate space, and accessibility by means of good motor 

 roads, trolley or rapid transit lines. 



VII. MISCELLANEOUS AREAS 



In many' park systems there are areas used for sites of structures of 

 various kinds, the structure being the primary features and often covering 

 the entire area. They may be for recreational, or educational-recreational 

 or utilitarian purposes. Among these types of areas are the following: 



i. Sites for Bath and Swimming Centers. Before the development of 

 modern school buildings with shower baths and swimming pools, and of 

 the modern recreation movement with numerous swimming centers, munic- 

 ipal authorities throughout the country, especially in the larger cities, 

 were quite active in establishing bathhouses both as a health and conven- 



