DESIGN OF PARK AND RECREATION AREAS 163 



means that so many shots are required to go from the tee to the 

 hole. 



The number of strokes in turn will depend upon the kinds of shots 

 that are made with different clubs in the hands of different players. It 

 will be found, however, that an average in the number of strokes and in the 

 distance can be assumed, and indeed must be assumed. For a three-par or 

 three-shot hole (allowing two strokes upon the green) an average distance 

 of from 1 20 to 234 yards may be negotiated by the average player. For a 

 four-par hole (allowing two shots upon the green) an average distance of 

 from 330 to 424 yards may be attained. In connection with a four-par 

 hole it is best to avoid lengths of from 260 to 330 yards as they cannot be 

 reached in one good and can be negotiated in two bad strokes, which obvi- 

 ously has the effect of giving undue advantage to the bad player. The 

 latter yardages constitute what are known as "leveler holes," which, being 

 neither long nor short, give both good and bad players equal chance. The 

 greens of the latter usually are given special interest by being well fortified 

 with hazards. 



For a five-par hole (including two plays on the green) an average dis- 

 tance of from 425 to 595 yards is usually possible. 



In speaking of these shorts it is necessary to differentiate between 

 "par" and "bogey." By the former is meant theoretical perfection in the 

 number of strokes for a hole. The latter has reference to a good average 

 score, the number of strokes in which a good player might reasonably be 

 expected to make each hole. 



When the lines of play have been decided upon in plan, the widths of 

 the fairway must be properly considered. It is customary to have them not 

 less than 150 feet, when near a hazard 200 feet, and where between trees, 

 250 feet clearance should be allowed. They should be cut into irregular 

 curves, gradually becoming wider where long drives arrive. 



This information, and what has preceded it, should enable one to pro- 

 ceed with the preliminary layout of the course. Some persons with con- 

 siderable experience behind them can locate lines of play upon the ground 

 without a preliminary plan on paper. Such persons are very rare. Others 

 find it convenient and necessary to have a complete topographic survey to 

 work upon. Schemes to facilitate preliminary study upon paper are nu- 

 merous. One of these consists of using colored strips of paper to varying 

 average lengths of holes, so as to total an average of 73 shots in an i8-hole 

 course and a total of 6,000 to 6,400 yards. These strips to begin with may 

 be in eighteen such lengths as the following: 130, 160, 190, 220, 250, 330, 

 345, 36o, 375, 390, 405, 420, 435, 450, 470, 500, 530, and 560 yards. Tenta- 



