266 PARKS 



less than two feet with the trench back-filled with cinders to a point eight 

 inches below the finished surface of the walk and located immediately under 

 the middle line of the proposed walk. The foundation course for the turf 

 on this walk should consist of six inches of sandy loam topsoil thoroughly 

 rolled to an even grade and supplied with a much less amount of fertilizer 

 than would be used for the average lawn. This fertilizer should not come 

 in contact with the roots of newly laid sod. If such a walk is sodded the 

 sods should be laid lengthwise so as to break joints and get the long way 

 of the sods in the direction of greatest travel and of mowing. When turf 

 walks are in contact at the sides with other surfaces they should be laid 

 wider than required and trimmed to an even line after all other work on 

 them is done. 



If a turf walk is seeded no clover should be sown, but an attempt should 

 be made to secure an even fine turf of the better sorts of grasses. Kentucky 

 blue grass is one of the best turf grasses where the soil is not wet or sour. 

 Chewings New Zealand red fescue is often used as it is indifferent to the 

 presence of lime, does well in shade or open conditions and is at its best in 

 midsummer. The bent grasses and redtop, which is closely allied, are best 

 for soils which are wet or deficient in lime. Hard or sheep's fescue or timothy 

 or meadow grass should be avoided. Not less than one pound of fancy 

 recleaned high-germination seed should be sown to each thirty square yards 

 of walk, and a special effort should be made to have a favorable germi- 

 nation layer in which to sow the seed. All soft spots and inequalities in 

 line or grade should be corrected before the seed is sown. 



(cb) Woodland trails (foundation course and wearing surface}. Wood- 

 land trails are generally constructed in an inexpensive way as a part of a 

 wild garden area, or a trail system through the woods, in order to make 

 woodland areas accessible. The usual method of procedure is that of clear- 

 ing the undergrowth in the path of the proposed trail, making an even grade 

 of the existing surface and scattering leaves or sowing woodland grass seed 

 mixture over the surface of the trail on the existing soil. 



(d) Stepping-stone walks (foundation courses and wearing surface). 

 There are two types of stepping-stone walks as heretofore discussed under 

 id, involving either a continuous excavation under the full length of the 

 proposed walk, or an excavation only under the area of each individual 

 stepping-stone. 



The subgrade in either case should be prepared to a depth of 10 to 12 

 inches below the finished surface of the walk. The cinder foundation should 

 be put in place in layers as heretofore specified and the stepping-stones 

 should then be laid directly on the top of the cinders without any loam 

 cushion. This applies to the construction of stepping-stone walks in heavy 



