CONSTRUCTION NOTES 277 



into the voids, should be given a light sprinkling to moisten it thoroughly- 

 The problem of determining the proper kind of gutter to be adopted 

 under varying conditions depends upon the desire to create certain formal 

 or informal effects in the landscape and also upon the desire to meet ade- 

 quately the requirements for removing the surface water. On steep grades 

 and sharp curves catch basins should be provided at very frequent inter- 

 vals, and the type of construction adopted for the gutter should be of the 

 most permanent character. 



Cost Data. Curbs and Gutters. 



Excavating for and constructing concrete curb. Contractor's cost figures 

 to construct 100 linear feet of curb. 



Materials required: Stone, 3.75 tons at $3.50, $ 1 3' 1 3 



Sand, 2.14 cubic yards at $2.58, 5.52 



Cement, 25.7 bags at 79 cents, 20.30 



Labor required: Excavation, 26.66 hours at 45 cents, 12.20 



Construction 



Mason, 16 hours at $1.00, 16.00 



Labor, 180 hours at 45 cents, 81.00 



148.15 



Constructing combination curb and gutter. Contractor's bid for construct- 

 ing typical 24-inch combination curb and gutter in new streets on a large 

 subdivision job was 70 cents per linear foot. Approximate cost of labor 

 and materials: labor, 25 cents per hour; teams, 45 cents per hour; stone, 

 2.00 per ton; sand, 1.75 per cubic yard; cement, 2.00 per barrel. 



Cost of sod gutters. Cost of grading gutters five feet wide and six inches 

 deep, grading carried back on easy slope for .66 of a foot vertically to meet 

 natural grade: area of gutter, 655 square yards; labor, 28 cents; cost, 12.8 

 cents per square yard of 4.57 labor hours per square yard. For cost of 

 laying sod, see Landscape Construction Notes V, January 1923 issue of 

 Landscape Architecture. 



For items of cost data as follows: excavation and trimming to sub- 

 grade; spreading and tamping cinders; concrete foundation; laying drain 

 tile, see Landscape Construction Notes I, January 1922. 



CONSTRUCTION OF RETAINING WALLS AND FREE-STANDING WALLS r 



The discussion with reference to the construction of walls may be 

 divided into two well-defined parts, (i) Retaining walls (these may be rein- 

 forced walls entirely of concrete as in Plate 1 16, figures I and 2, page 280, or 

 of concrete with a veneered surface of some other material, or they may be 



1 Landscape Architecture, October 1922. Albert D. Taylor. 



