CONSTRUCTION NOTES 303 



Surfacing. The base is composed of four inches of cinders rolled with a five-ton roller. The second layer is 

 composed of two inches of clay similarly rolled. The top layer is composed of a sprinkling of stone dust topped by 

 one-half inch of torpedo sand and rolled. 



An inexpensive hard surface play court. Dr. A. D. Browne, Professor of 

 Physical Education at George Peabody College for Teachers, Nashville, 

 Tennessee, suggests the following as an inexpensive hard surface play court, 

 especially suited for a playground in the south. According to Professor 

 Brown, a play area of 50 x 100 feet may be surfaced in this manner at a 

 cost in Nashville of $119. 



Grade surface of ground. Roll with 300 to 8oo-pound roller. Spread evenly river-bed gravel in such quantity 

 as will produce the thickness of one to two inches after rolling. In spreading, care should be taken to preserve the 

 grade and give a slight crown to the surface. Fill in all depressions and remove humps. The rolling should pro- 

 gress toward center from each side. If the river gravel is too coarse the voids should be filled with finer materials 

 or screenings. Let surface stand until thoroughly dry. The surface is now ready for the hard oil or asphalt road 

 oil. After the surface has been prepared as described above, not less than one-half gallon of hard oil or asphalt 

 road oil, heated to a temperature of 250 degrees, shall be uniformly applied to every square yard by means of 

 a gardener's sprinkling can, the spout of which has been flattened to permit the hot oil to pour fan shaped. After 

 the application of the hot oil the surface shall be uniformly covered with yellow or white sand or fine slag-chip 

 sufficient in quantity to completely cover the surface. The approximate amount of covering sand required is one 

 cubic yard to 280 square yards of surface. The surface should now be rolled and remain unused three days in 

 order to allow the oil to take in the sand. After three weeks, during which time the court may be used, remove 

 the superfluous sand with broom. If the hot sun should soften the surface in spots or if surface should "bleed 

 oil," apply thin layer of sand. 



Mr. C. A. Bossen, assistant superintendent of the Minneapolis Park Department, says concerning playground 

 surfacing on the Minneapolis playgrounds: "We have tried cinders, gravel, sand, limestone screenings and other 

 substances on playground surfaces, but nothing seems to be better than a regular loam surface. Six inches of clay 

 is placed on the subgrade, upon which is placed six inches of loam. This is then seeded and rolled." 



CONSTRUCTION OF AREAS FOR LAWN SPORTS 1 



Included among the lawn sports now commonly played are both those 

 played entirely on turf such as clock golf, croquet, golf croquet, lawn tennis, 

 lawn bowling, field hockey, archery and tether tennis, as well as those 

 played partly or wholly on clay surfaces such as roque, quoits, horseshoe 

 pitching and hand tennis. As most of the published information on this 

 subject is somewhat inadequate, or not collected in any one publication, 

 an attempt has been made to collect some of the more essential facts about 

 these sports, especially with regard to the construction and maintenance of 

 the areas required. 



Clock golf (see Plate 119, page 304). Clock golf requires but little 

 space just enough lawn on which a circle from 20 to 24 feet in diameter 

 may be drawn. The circle, marked in white on the grass, is divided up 

 into twelve equal parts; each mark is called a figure point. Plates numbering 

 one to twelve are pressed into the ground clockwise at these points, either 

 outside or inside the line of the circle. This completes the clock face. A 

 putting hole, four inches in diameter and four inches in depth, is made in 



1 Albert D. Taylor in Landscape Architecture, October 1926. 



2 For a discussion of lighting of play areas for night use, see Chapter XV, "Park Lighting." 



