CONSTRUCTION NOTES 347 



figure i. Water is often brought into the pool through various types of 

 fountain arrangements located either at the end or at the center of the 

 pool. The two important points to be kept in mind in the installation of 

 water supply for pools are: (i) To provide a pipe of adequate size so that 

 under the normal available pressure a sufficient supply of water can be 

 easily obtained. (2) To arrange so that during freezing weather the water 

 supply may be so shut off that those pipes containing water will still be 

 below the line of normal frost action. (Plate 146, figure i, and Plate 147, 

 figure i.) 



Where limited supply of water is available it sometimes is advisable 

 and economical to install an automatic electric pump in order to recirculate 

 the water in the pool through some desired type of fountain. The pipes 

 for water supply as well as the pipes for drainage should be completely 

 installed, with the exception of nozzles or finished fountain features, before 

 any cinder foundation or concrete foundation is put in place. Under no 

 conditions should any cinders, used in the area surrounding the pool or 

 under the pool, be allowed to come in direct contact with any water pipes. 

 Whenever iron water pipes pass through a fill of cinders such pipes should 

 be protected by a sleeve of terra cotta or tile. 



Cinder foundation under pool. Whenever pools are constructed where 

 there is no frost or in a sandy and well-drained soil, the cinder foundation 

 under the pool and the cinder fill around the outside of the pool walls may 

 be eliminated. Where frost action is severe and where the pool is con- 

 structed in a natural clay soil not easily drained it is very necessary to 

 install a layer of cinders from four to eight inches in depth under the bottom 

 of the pool (see Plate 146, figures i to 4). It is also necessary to install a 

 layer of cinders from four to six inches in thickness entirely surrounding 

 the pool as shown on Plate 146, figures 2 and 3, and Plate 147, figures I 

 to 4. These cinders should preferably be screened in order to be free from 

 ashes. The layer of cinders placed over the subgrade under the bottom 

 of the pool should be thoroughly wet and tamped before the forms are 

 built or any concrete put in place. The cinders around the walls of the 

 pool should be put in place and thoroughly tamped in layers not exceeding 

 six inches in depth after the forms have been removed. 



Constructing floor and walls of pool. Under severe climatic and soil 

 conditions the bottom or floor of all pools should preferably be reinforced 

 with j^g-inch rods, 1 8 inches on center at the top of the floor, and 12 inches 

 on center at the bottom of the floor. The bottom rods should be turned 

 up into the inside face of the side walls. These rods should be at least two 

 inches from the upper or lower face of the floor. The bottom rods should 



