562 PARKS 



4. Individual qualifications. After the chart of organization has been 

 prepared, and in fact even while it is being prepared, the qualifications of 

 the individual assigned to each one of the positions are given careful con- 

 sideration. Obviously there will be general qualifications (largely qualifica- 

 tions of character) which vary somewhat in each individual position. These 

 will be such attributes as honesty, truthfulness, neatness, tactfulness and 

 alertness. There is another group of qualifications which pertain to ability 

 as revealed by training and experience. Some positions require no particular 

 training except grammar school training, while others require a highly 

 specialized technical education, and in between innumerable variations of 

 the one subject of training. Oftentimes experience is able partially at least 

 to offset deficient training, and in still other cases it is necessary to insist 

 upon a certain amount of experience in addition to rigid training qualifica- 

 tions. All these qualifications should be determined for each individual 

 position, and in that way all of the characteristic qualities of each individual 

 are available for ready reference at the time of filling the position and for 

 analyzing the weak and strong points of people already in the organization 

 and requisitioning employees from the civil service in case such a department 

 is in existence. 



As an illustration of this we quote again from the office manual con- 

 cerning the qualifications of the principal bookkeeper: "Education equiva- 

 lent to graduation from high school; at least four years successful experience 

 in accounting, bookkeeping and auditing work, two years of which should 

 have been in connection with the bookkeeping work in the office of the 

 board of park commissioners; thorough familiarity with the accounting, 

 classification and forms used by the department; knowledge of the theory 

 and practice of accounting; good penmanship; ability to operate a type- 

 writer desirable; supervisory ability, extreme accuracy, carefulness, thor- 

 oughness, good judgment, good health, and such additional qualifications 

 as may be prescribed from time to time." 



5. Compensation and grades. With the aid of the organization chart 

 and the individual duties and qualifications determined, it is possible to 

 divide the various employees in the office into various grades, as, for example, 

 into junior, senior and principal grades. The reason for doing this is largely 

 one of giving like compensation to those doing like work and of maintaining 

 a spirit of contented cooperation throughout the entire office. It is perhaps 

 even more important to be impartial and fair to all employees in a city 

 departmental office than in a private institution. There should be no 

 opportunity whatsoever for justified criticisms of ill treatment or insufficient 

 or unequal compensation. 



In many municipal offices the entire matter of compensation is con- 



