620 PARKS 



plans of individual properties and drawings of special features, grading and 

 planting plans, etc., are the work of the landscape architect. When the 

 period of construction work arrives the preparation of engineering designs 

 based upon the plans of the architect, the making of estimates, drafting of 

 specifications, formulation of contracts, handling of bids, inspection of 

 supplies and materials and general supervision of labor are functions of the 

 engineer. If the work is done by day labor the engineer will be directly 

 concerned with the purchase of supplies, materials, tools, machinery and 

 employment as well as supervision of labor and the direction of all con- 

 struction operations. However, in carrying out all grading and planting 

 plans the engineer will work under the general supervision of the landscape 

 architect. 



Relation to the building architect. The landscape architect is responsible 

 for the general designs of buildings, gateways, walls, steps and bridges, and 

 in the case of some of these features he may be responsible for the detailed 

 plans. But in the case of important buildings and possibly of other struc- 

 tures the detailed construction plans may be done by a building architect. 

 In carrying out the actual construction operations the engineer will work 

 under the general supervision of the building architect. 



Relation to other specialists. Lighting and sanitation are special branches 

 of engineering with which the park engineer may himself be sufficiently 

 familiar, not only to carry out the construction work but also to prepare 

 the necessary designs. But in case he is not sufficiently trained in these 

 branches of engineering it may be necessary to call in specialists in these 

 fields to prepare the original designs. 



METHODS OF HANDLING PARK ENGINEERING IN DIFFERENT COMMUNITIES 



IN THE UNITED STATES 



There are four methods of handling park engineering in the municipal- 

 ities and counties of the United States. These may be enumerated as follows: 



1. By the general executive when the executive is a technically trained 

 engineer. A considerable number of park executives or superintendents 

 are graduates of engineering schools or have had practical experience in 

 civil engineering. In most of the departments where this is the case the 

 superintendent, in addition to acting as chief executive of the entire depart- 

 ment, acts as a chief engineer. 



2. By calling in an outside engineer to serve temporarily for making 

 surveys or to take charge of one or more construction projects. This method 

 is comparatively rare. 



3. By an engineer regularly employed by the park governing authority 

 and having charge of an engineering division staffed with as many different 



