648 PARKS 



The most simple type of organization comprises the superintendent 

 and a varying number of caretakers or park keepers, one or more for each 

 park, depending on its size and the character of its development and inten- 

 sity of use. Occasionally one caretaker may be assigned to care for several 

 small properties. When it becomes necessary to enlarge the personnel the 

 increase might include a foreman of park keepers and one or more gardeners. 

 As the system becomes larger and larger, other types of employees may 

 appear, such as a horticulturist, forester, director of a zoo, mechanics, 

 electricians, concrete workers, masons, carpenters, wheelwrights, painters, 

 greenhouse gardeners, nurserymen, truck drivers, animal keepers, matrons, 

 janitors, foremen of divisions or districts or of single parks and foremen in 

 charge of the several groups of employees engaged in special activities. In 

 the large systems the responsibility of the superintendent may be delegated 

 to an assistant superintendent or a superintendent of maintenance. In the 

 large systems, too, the maintenance work may be organized as a department 

 or a division with perhaps several subdivisions, each in charge of a foreman. 

 In some systems the general maintenance work is organized by districts, 

 each district being in charge of a district superintendent or foreman having 

 under his immediate direction all maintenance employees regularly employed 

 in his district, and general supervision over employees from special sub- 

 divisions while performing work in his district. 



In the larger systems, also, some of the maintenance work may be 

 performed by employees of divisions entirely separate from the maintenance 

 division. Thus there may be a horticultural division in charge of a horti- 

 culturist, with gardeners and laborers under his direct supervision. This 

 division may have under its jurisdiction not only original designing but also 

 the maintenance of all plantations, greenhouses, conservatories, nurseries, 

 special flower gardens or displays, and forestry. In some very large systems, 

 forestry, the conservatory and the zoo may be carried in the departmental 

 organization as separate divisions with maintenance employees directly 

 under the control of the heads of the divisions. 



The following are a few examples of the maintenance personnel in 

 some park systems in the United States, showing the types and number 

 of each type of employees and the rate or rates of pay at the time the sta- 

 tistics were collected (1925): 



