802 PARKS 



14. Provision of arbitration. In case of a disagree- mony with regard to the subject under disagreement 



ment between the city and the contractor as to any shall be submitted to the board of arbitrators, and, 



of the provisions of the specifications or contract, this after a full hearing, at which all parties have a right to 



argument shall be settled by a board of arbitrators be heard, the majority decision shall be binding upon 



appointed in the following manner: one member shall the said city and the contractor. The board of arbi- 



be named by the city, one by the contractor and these trators shall have the authority to assign the costs of 



two jointly to name the third, and the three members the arbitration in accordance with the verdict, 

 shall constitute the board of arbitrators. All the testi- 



FLOODLIGHTING 



Floodlighting is such a special form of illumination that it is impossible 

 to cover the subject except in a very brief way, listing its possibilities and 

 mentioning some very general rules. Some of its more outstanding uses are 

 in connection with the lighting of monuments, waterfalls, fountains, public 

 buildings, statues, pageants, domes, arches, memorials, shrubbery, trees 

 and flower beds. It also finds wide use in the night lighting of outdoor 

 sports, to be discussed in the following section. 



The illumination of statues and monuments must be such that the play 

 of light and shadow will be in harmony with the effect desired by the 

 designer, while wherever floodlighting is to serve a strictly utilitarian pur- 

 pose, such as in outdoor sports, parking spaces and the like, uniform illu- 

 mination and freedom from deep shadows are essential. 



It is well to remember the fact that the brightness of a lighted object 

 depends upon the amount of light it reflects. That is, the amount of light 

 that makes a very white building appear brightly lighted at night, would 

 be much too small for, say, a red brick building of the same size. In other 

 words, the darker the object, the greater amount of light that will be 

 required. There are a number of good floodlighting units on the market 

 which, if used in accordance with the recommendations of the manufacturer, 

 will produce very satisfactory results. 



LIGHTING FOR SPORTS 



Outdoor sports lighting, though still a novelty in some respects, has 

 passed the experimental stage and has an established position among real 

 practical applications of the art of illumination. Outdoor lighting for 

 activities of a recreational nature may be divided into two classes: (i) 

 the lighting of standard courts and (2) the lighting of large fields (each class 

 of which presents a different aspect of the lighting problem). 



On standard courts, while the illumination requirements in many cases 

 may be severe, the activities are confined within definite limits, so that 

 the engineer can at once choose the proper lighting equipment and desig- 

 nate the locations for this equipment which will give a satisfactory dis- 

 tribution of light, and not interfere with the playing. Tennis, volley ball, 



