804 PARKS 



as shown in Plate 295, are particularly recommended for lighting tennis 

 courts. The large shielding angle effectively conceals the brilliant lamp 

 filament from the direct view of the players who, by necessity, must fre- 

 quently look upward toward the units. The distribution of light is such 

 that these units do not have the general applications of the standard RLM 

 reflectors. 



Angle reflectors. Angle reflectors of the type shown in Plate 296 

 naturally suggest themselves when the problem is one of lighting a small 

 playing area with units along the sides. These units direct the light effi- 

 ciently to such an area, but where the nature of play requires vision at 

 upper angles it is impossible to avoid the blinding rays of the units. Con- 

 sequently their application is limited. For certain sports, such as hockey, 

 where the play is carried on close to the ground, angle reflectors are appli- 

 cable when mounted well above the angle of vision. 



Floodlights. All large areas, such as football fields, bathing beaches, 

 trap shooting ranges, and the like, require floodlights to meet the severe 

 and variable conditions. For such application, obviously, other types of 

 equipment cannot be used because of the wide angles through which the 

 light must be directed. The fact that these areas, in general, must be free 

 from obstructions necessitates the projection of the light from a distance. 

 Floodlights are made in various sizes and have different characteristics as 

 regards beam spread. Usually, a wide beam projector, such as is shown in 

 Plate 297, is best adapted to meet these requirements. 



Location of lighting equipment. The success of any lighting system 

 involves many factors, such as adequate illumination, efficiency, general 

 appearance, and lack of glare, shadows and spottiness. But, in the final 

 analysis, all of these are regulated largely by just two things, namely, the 

 lighting equipment (reflector and lamp) and the location of this equipment. 



Having determined the type of reflector to be used, the proper location 

 and number of fixtures become of signal importance. It should be remem- 

 bered that each type of lighting equipment gives a certain characteristic 

 distribution of light, and for this reason can be depended upon to light only 

 a definite portion of the territory. When the fixtures are too far apart the 

 lighting will be uneven, and shadows pronounced. The higher the fixtures are 

 mounted, the fewer will be required, although larger lamps must then be used. 



In floodlighting, the location of the lighting groups is chosen to give 

 uniformity of distribution and to avoid glare and long, sweeping shadows. 

 The recommendations given in Table A for lighting the different outdoor 

 recreational grounds will provide sufficient light for the full enjoyment of 

 the sport. Any modifications which suggest themselves should be made only 

 with the knowledge and understanding of the influence of all the various 

 factors upon the success of the lighting system. 



