PARK SANITATION 



fcmfcra top slab with */t square twisted 

 rods spaced 6" apart in both directions.* 

 Bottom rods placed 1" from bottom 

 of concrete. 



Put 1 extra rod in concrele along each 

 edge cf manhole. 



It rj dej<rsbe to have a 

 manhole >n top to give 

 access to the well shaft 



ruined and padlocked trapdoor. 



Raise concrete 1' around pump base ana 

 ^repdoor. 



Bolt frame to slab ewer well 



Cement mortar bed 



Lay masonry water tight 

 in cement mortar from 

 top to a point at least 

 8ft. below the ground 

 surface. 



Water Trough should 

 not discharge 

 across trapdoor. 



SECTION 



Cement plaster to a 

 point 8ft below surface 



D = diameter of the well in feet. 

 d = distance in feet between the level to which the water was reduced by 



pumping and the level to which it rose after pumping. 

 T = time in hours required for the water to rise the number of feet repre- 

 sented by d. 



The following figures may be found useful in estimating the capacity 

 of a dug well: In a well 2 feet in 

 diameter, each foot in depth, 20 

 gallons; 3 feet in diameter, 44 

 gallons; 4 feet in diameter, 78 

 gallons; 5 feet in diameter, 122 

 gallons; 6 feet in diameter, 176 

 gallons. 



Protection of Water Supply from 

 Contamination. 



Unless taken directly from 

 an uninhabited and fully pro- 

 tected watershed all surface 

 water must be considered as po- 

 tentially contaminated with dis- 

 ease-producing germs. A clear, 

 attractive water is not necessa- 

 rily a pure water. Surface water 

 is polluted by human excre- 

 ment, which is washed into it 

 by the rains and melting snows 

 or deposited directly into it by 

 sewers. Streams, lakes or ponds 

 are frequently contaminated by 

 bathers, fishermen or wayside 

 campers. Therefore, any water 

 supply used for any park and 

 recreation purposes not drawn 



directly from a community water system should be regarded as a probable 

 source of disease until rendered safe for human use by some method of 

 purification or protected against contamination. 



Protection of Wells and Springs. 



Wells are of two kinds, deep and shallow. A deep well passes into or 

 through an impervious rock stratum, which as a rule effectively excludes 

 surface water. A shallow well is one which does not reach down into the 



PLATE No. 304 

 A DUG WELL 



Showing method of excluding surface water from the 

 opening and the upper eight feet of the shaft 

 (Pennsylvania State Department of Health.) 



