8 S 2 



PARKS 



(4) The direct open passages from the bowls to the tanks permit 

 bottles, cans, etc., to be thrown into the tanks, and these cause trouble 

 in cleaning. 



(5) Chemical closets are more expensive to operate than privies, but 

 they are less troublesome in cleaning, where the liquefied effluents from 



tanks are disposed of by subsur- 

 face drainage. 



Chemical closets have been 

 found serviceable where con- 

 tamination of ground, or ground 

 water, cannot be permitted, and 

 for camps, schools, churches, 

 etc., but before this type of 

 privy is adopted, it is abso- 

 lutely necessary to determine 

 whether funds will be available 

 at all times for purchase of 

 chemicals, and whether the toi- 

 lets will receive intelligent super- 

 vision and attention. Many 

 state and local boards of health 



L; ; ;>^v 



have regulations governing the 

 installation and operation of 

 chemical toilets. These should 

 be consulted before chemical 

 closets are adopted. 



The water carriage system. 

 The water carriage system, con- 

 sisting of flush toilets, under- 

 ground sewers and some 

 provision for treating or dispos- 

 ing of the raw sewage, is far 

 superior to any other method 



of sewage disposal, not only as a means of protecting the health of the 

 people using park and recreation areas but also from an aesthetic view- 

 point. Well built, clean comfort stations or toilets equipped with flush 

 toilets add greatly to the attractiveness of the areas and also to the content- 

 ment of the visitors. Where this type of sewage disposal can be constructed 

 as a part of a community water system the construction will of necessity 

 conform to the standards of the local system and will likely be installed 

 under the direction of the local sanitary and construction engineers. 



PLATE No. 329 

 PIT PRIVY WITH A CONCRETE VAULT 



Concrete slab at the rear can be removed and the con- 

 tents of the vault taken out through the opening. 

 (Wisconsin State Board of Health.) 



