864 



PARKS 



surface of a small bed. Intermittent filter beds will give rise to a certain 

 amount of odor, particularly in rainy weather. For this reason the filter 

 should be located five hundred feet or more away from the nearest camp or 

 house and on the side opposite to the prevailing winds. 



The effluent from an inter- 

 mittent filter may be discharged 

 into a stream, an open ditch, or 

 a number of such ditches (broad 

 irrigation). If several filter beds 

 are installed, the underdrains- 

 from each may discharge into a 

 main drain which in turn carries 

 the effluent to the stream or 

 other point of ultimate disposal. 

 If the septic tank and filter are 

 properly operated, the effluent is 

 not apt to produce a nuisance. 

 Disposal by dilution. The 

 effluent from a septic tank can 

 be disposed of by dilution in the 

 same manner as raw sewage (see 

 page 856). 



Cesspools. The disposal of 

 raw or treated sewage in a cess- 

 pool is, in general, a very un- 

 desirable method to use in parks 

 and reservations. In practice 

 the cesspool usually functions in 

 an unsatisfactory manner and is 

 decidedly unsanitary. If a po- 

 rous soil is available which will 

 readily absorb the liquid, a mod- 

 ified form of leeching cesspool, as shown in Plate 343, will give satisfactory 

 service. This type is known as a subsurface, sewage filter and consists of a 

 circular pit containing broken stone over which is a layer of sand. Lines of 

 open joint tile carry the filtered sewage into adjacent soil, where it is absorbed. 

 The pit has dry masonry walls and an earthen floor. 



Disposal of urine. Urinals should be placed in all toilets or privies 

 used by men and boys and will be found to be of great assistance in pre- 

 venting the soiling of the seats and in keeping the toilet in a sanitary con- 

 dition. The urinal may consist of a simple trough, as shown in Plate 344, 



PLATE No. 342 



SCHEMATIC DRAWING OF CROW FOOT 

 DISTRIBUTOR FOR INTERMITTENT FILTER 



