ILLUSTRATIONS 



The Walnut Lane Bridge over the Wissahickon Frontispiece 



PAGE 



Fig. 1. Swamp Land May be Utilized in Park Development 3 



Fig. 2. A Typical Park System 11 



Fig. 3. Submerged Land along the North River Later Filled in 



and now a Part of Riverside Park 15 



Fig. 4. The Same Reclaimed 19 



Fig. 5. Gridiron System of Survey for Parks 26 



Fig. 6. Survey Notes 28 



Fig. 7. Topsoil Stripping, Piling and Grading 29 



Fig. 8. Modified Gridiron System of Survey for Parkways 31 



Fig. 9. Gauging the Discharge of a Stream 33 



Fig. 10. Topsoil Pile 37 



Fig. 11. Machine for Stripping Topsoil and Grading 37 



Fig. 12. Method of Providing Underdrainage for Damp or Swampy 



Soil 40 



Fig. 13. The New Bay Ridge Parkway. Surface Water Carried 



in Paved Gutters 41 



Fig. 14. Park Walk along Steep Terrace. Paved Gutters 45 



Fig. 15. Method of Collecting Surface Water from Grass Gutters. . . 47 



Fig. 16. Park Walk. Drainage in Grass Gutters 49 



Fig. 17. Method of Collecting Surface Water from Paved Gutters . . 52 



Fig. 18. Timber Bulkhead Forming Artificial Shore of Lake 55 



Fig. 19. Drainage of Retaining Walls 55 



Fig. 20. Sod Steps 59 



Fig. 21. Lawn Hydrant 63 



Fig. 22. Water Crane. 63 



Fig. 23. Design of Paths 66 



Fig. 24. Correct Entrance 68 



Fig. 25. Incorrect Entrance 68 



Fig. 26. Rooter Plow 83 



Fig. 27. Wheel Scraper 83 



Fig. 28. Pulsometer 83 



Fig. 29. Pile Driver Land Machine 87 



Fig. 30. Method of Giving Line and Grade for Sewers 91 



vii 



