112 CONSTRUCTION 



the pipes are apt to freeze and burst, as they are seldom free 

 from water in low places. 



All pipe should be thoroughly tested before the back- 

 filling takes place. This can be done by admitting city 

 water into the system and examining the pipes for leaky 

 joints, pin holes and split seams. If a higher pressure is 

 desired the pipes can be filled with water and the supply 

 shut off. Then by attaching a hand pump with pressure 

 gauge to a small nipple tapped into the pipe the pressure 

 can be raised as high as desired with the addition of but 

 very little water. Sometimes where no water supply is 

 available sections of the system must be filled by means of 

 the hand pump. This is a very slow process for cast iron 

 pipe but not very difficult with the smaller wrought iron 

 sizes. All defective pipe should be removed and no plugging 

 of holes should be permitted. 



Water hammer is very likely to oc.cur when new pipes 

 are filled with water. To avoid this open up a few lawn 

 hydrants, especially at the lower parts of the system. 



PATHS 



The excavation for path foundations should be properly 

 formed and of full depth over the entire cross-section. The 

 subgrade is then rolled and filled in with cinders to the proper 

 depth. These cinders should be of the gas-works quality, 

 sharp and clean. Ashes will not da. The cinders are then 

 wetted by means of a sprinkling cart and thoroughly rolled. 

 On the cinders is placed the pavement proper whether of 

 gravel, cement, asphalt or brick. 



Cement, brick and asphalt pavements are laid between 

 2-inch by 4-inch scantlings to hold them in position. These 

 scantlings are held in place by means of stakes. As park 

 walks are usually curved, the scantlings must be curved to 



