254 INDEX. 



PAOK 



Oldhamia, Silurian polyzoan, figured, .... 86 



Old Red Sandstone or Devonian era, . . . .91 



Oolitic era, physical and vital features of, ... 128 



Oolitic era, physical geography of, . . ' . . 141 



Oolitic flora, restored aspect of, . . . . . 130 



Orbitoidal limestone of North America, . . . .158 



Orbitoides, abundant foraminiferous forms, . . . 144 



Orthoceratite, carboniferous species, figured, . . . 109 



Orthoceratite, Silurian, figured, ... . . .88 



Osmeroides, fish of chalk formation, figured, . . . 148 



Pain, consideration of, in scheme of life, . . . 185 



Palsechinus, carboniferous sea-urchin, figured, ; . . 107 



Palaeoniscus, ganoid fish of Carboniferous era, . . . 110 

 Palaeoniscus, Permian species, figured, . . . .114 



Palaeontology, advantages of the study of, ... 242 

 Palaeontology, its general scope and function, . . .25 



Palaeontology, its intellectual bearings, .... 24 



Palaeontology, its practical bearings, .... 33 



Palaeontology, science of ancient beings, defined, . . 20 



Palaeophytology, or science of fossil plants, ... 46 



Palaeotherium, restored outline of form, .... 156 



Palaeozoic, or ancient life-systems, ..... 79 



Palaeozoology, or science of extinct life, .... 65 



Palapteryx, or extinct apteryx of New Zealand, . . 159, 166 



Palms, doubtfully occurring in the coal-measures, . . 103 



Pampas of South America, their fossils, .... 163 



Permian, or Lower New Red Sandstone era, . . . 114 

 Phascolotherium, jaw of, from the upper Oolite, . . .140 



Phillipsia (after Professor Phillips), carboniferous, trilobite, . 108 



Plagiaulax, jaw and teeth from the upper Oolite, . . 140 



Plan and order of life pre-ordained, .... 184 



Plants, systematic classifications of, .... 37 



Platysomus, Permian fish, figured, .... 114 



Plesiosaurus, Oolitic marine reptile, figured, . . . 137 



Pleuracanthus, carboniferous fin-spine, figured, . . . Ill 



Pleurotomaria, carboniferous species, figured, . . . 109 



Poecilodns, carboniferous palatal tooth of fish, . . . Ill 



Polyzoa of the chalk, their characteristics, . . 145 



Post-tertiary and Tertiary, definitions of, ... 153 



Present, the, its flora and fauna, ..... 27 



Productus, characteristic carboniferous brachiopod, . . 109 



Progression or succession in nature, .... 235 



Protozoa, aspect and apparent functions of, . . . 59 



Provinces of animal life, ...... 50 



Psammodus, carboniferous palatal tooth of fish, . . . Ill 



Psiloplyton, plant from Canadian Old Red, figured, ' . .. 92 



Pterichthys, characteristic fish of Middle Old Red, . . 97 



