ROOM IV. CAVE OP GAILENKEUTH . 397 



two years old, and those of a young tiger, just shedding its 

 milk-teeth; also the grinders of a young horse, that were 

 casting their coronary surfaces, and remains of two species of 

 hyena. 



In the modern silt of our alluvial districts, the remains of 

 carnivorous animals, formerly indigenous in this island, are 

 occasionally met with ; and the skeleton of the Brown Bear 

 (a species which inhabited Scotland eight centuries ago), and 

 of the Wolf, whose extinction is of a yet later date, have been 

 discovered. The Woodwardian Museum at Cambridge con- 

 tains an entire skull of the Brown Bear ( Ursus arctos), found 

 in the Manea Fen of Cambridgeshire ; and in an ancient 

 fresh-water deposit, near Bacton, in Norfolk, the right lower 

 jaw of the Ursus spelaeus has been discovered. 



Thus the remains of fossil Carnivora discovered in England 

 comprise several kinds of Bear, including the two species of 

 the caverns of Germany (U. priscus and U. spelceus); and of 

 Tiger, Hyena, Wol Fox, <fec. 



CAVE OF GAILENKEDTH. For many centuries certain caves 

 in Germany have been celebrated for their osseous remains, 

 particularly those in Franconia. The most remarkable of 

 these caverns is that of Gailenreuth, which lies to the north- 

 west of the village of that name, on the left bank of the river 

 Wiesent, on the confines of Bayreuth. 1 The entrance to this 

 cave is in the face of a perpendicular rock, and leads to a 

 series of chambers from fifteen to twenty feet high, and 

 several hundred feet in extent, terminating in a deep chasm. 

 The cave is quite dark; and the icicles and pillars of stalac- 

 - tite, reflected by the light of the torches, which it is necessary 

 to use, present a highly picturesque effect The floor is 

 literally paved with bones and fossil teeth, and the pillars and 

 corbels of stalactite also contain similar remains. The bones 

 are generally scattered and broken, but not rolled ; they are 

 lighter and less solid than recent bones, and are often en- 

 crusted with stalactites. Three-fourths of the bones belong 

 to two species of Bear (Ursus), the remainder to Hyenas, 

 Tigers, Wolves, Foxes, Gluttons, Weasels, and other small 



1 See " Medals of Creation," vol. ii. p. 869, for an interesting account 

 of the present state of these caverns, by my friend, Major Willoughby 

 Montague. 



