BOOM VI. ELEPHANTS AND MASTODONS OF SEWALIK HILLS. 469 



The following extract from the prospectus of a work on these fossils, 

 by Dr. Falconer, will convey some idea of the rich and extraordinary 

 assemblage of mammalian remains which have been collected from the 

 Sewalik deposits. 



" This fossil Fauna is composed of representative types of mammalia 

 of all geological ages, from the oldest of the tertiary periods down to 

 the most modern; and of all the geographical divisions of the Old 

 Continent, grouped together into one comprehensive assemblage. 

 Among the forms contained in it there are of the Pachydermata, 

 several species of Mastodon, Elephant, Hippopotamus, Khinoceros, 

 Anoplotherium, and three species of Equus : of the Ruminantia, the 

 colossal genus Sivatherium (ante, p. 457), which is peculiar to India, 

 with species of Camelus, Bos, Cervus, and Antelope ; of the Carnivora, 

 species of most of the great types, together with several remarkable 

 undescribed genera ; of the Rodentia and Quadrumana, several species ; 

 of the Reptilia, a gigantic Tortoise (Colosso-chelys, ante, pp. 11, 77), with 

 species of Emys and Trionyx, and several forms of Gavials and Croco- 

 diles. To these may be added the remains of Struthious and other 

 Birds: and Fishes, Crustacea, and Mollusca." 1 Thus, in the Sub- 

 Himalayas we have entombed in the same rocky sepulchre, bones of the 



LIGX. 103. CRANIUM AND JAWS LIGK. 104. CRANIUM AND JAWS op 



or ELEPHAS PLANIFRONS. ELEPHAS NAMADICUS. 



(& not. size.) (^ not. size.) 



most ancient tertiary races of mammalia and reptilia,with those of species 

 actually existing in India at the present time. 



ELEPHANTS AND MASTODONS. The Elephants of the Sewalik Hills, of 

 which there are crania and teeth in the collection, comprise six species, 

 as specified in the Synopsis ; and I would direct particular attention to 



1 " Fauna Antiqua Sivalensis, being the Fossil Zoology of the Sewalik 

 Hills in the North of India." By Dr. Falconer and Major Proby T. 

 Cautley. London: 1846. 



