470 



PETRIFACTIONS AND THEIR TEACHINGS. CHAP. VI. 



the cranial peculiarities and physiognomy of Elephas planifrons, dis- 

 tinguished by the flatness of the forehead (Lign. 103), and the inter- 

 mediate character of its 

 molar teeth ; E. Namadicus, 

 with a great vertical develop- 

 ment of the cranium (Lign. 

 104), and teeth closely al- 

 lied to those of the Indian 

 species; and the enormous 

 turban-like vertex of the skull 

 of E. Hysudricus (Lign. 

 105), the structure of whose 

 teeth approaches that of the 

 African Elephant. 



Elephas Ganesa. In the 

 centre of Koom VI. (H. of the 

 plan, ante, p. 462). Among 

 the Indian fossil elephants 

 there is one species remark- 

 able for the enormous size of 

 the tusks in proportion to 

 LIGN. 105. CRANIUM AND JAWS OF ELEPHAS the skull; of this animal 

 HYSUDRICUS. (& nat. size.) there is a splendid specimen 



deposited in the centre of 



this room. The total length of the cranium and tusks is fourteen feet ; 

 length of the skull, four feet two inches ; width, twenty-nine inches ; 



LIGN. 106. CRANIUM AND TUSKS op ELEPHAS GANESA. 

 (The original is \\feet long.) 



width of the muzzle, two feet ; length of the tusks, ten feet ; circum- 

 ference of the tusk at the base, twenty-six inches. 



MASTODONS. The fossil remains of this extinct tribe of the elephantine 

 family, thus named from the peculiar form of the crowns of the molar 

 teeth, are found in equal abundance with those of the Elephants in the 

 Sewalik tertiary deposits, and four species have been determined by 

 Dr. Falconer, as enumerated in the Synopsis, (ante, p. 464.) 



The Mastodons resembled the Elephants in their general character ; 

 having a convex cellular cranium, large tusks in the upper jaw, and a 



