236 PIONEERS OF EVOLUTION. 



ally, the laws of variation and natural selection . . . 

 may have brought about, first, that perfection of 

 bodily structure in which man is so far above all 

 other animals, and, in co-ordination with it, the 

 larger and more developed brain by means of which 

 he has been able to subject the whole animal and 

 vegetable kingdoms to his service." But, although 

 Mr. Wallace rejects the theory of man's special cre- 

 ation as " being entirely unsupported by facts, as 

 well as in the highest degree improbable," he con- 

 tends that it does not necessarily follow that " his 

 mental nature, even though developed pari passu 

 with his physical structure, has been developed by 

 the same agencies." Then, by the introduction of a 

 physical analogy which is no analogy at all, he sug- 

 gests that the agent by which man was upraised 

 into a kingdom apart bears like relation to natural 

 selection as the glacial epoch bears to the ordinary 

 agents of denudation and other changes in producing 

 new effects which, though continuous with preceding 

 effects, were not due to the same causes. 



Applying this " argument " (drawn from natural 

 causes), as Mr. Wallace names it, " to the case of 

 man's intellectual and moral nature," he contends 

 that such special faculties as the mathematical, 

 musical, and artistic (is this faculty to be denied the 

 nest-decorating bower bird?), and the high moral 

 qualities which have given the martyr his constancy, 

 the patriot his devotion, and the philanthropist his 

 unselfishness, are due to a " spiritual essence or na- 



