COPRINUS. 143 



4.5 n; cystidia wanting; stipe about 9 cm. high, 5 mm. thick or a little 

 more at the base, white or brownish, smooth, hollow, without annulus. 



Todaya, Davao, terrestrial in forest. 



Eaten by the Bagobos, who call it "ligbus." 



C. volutus Copeland. Pileus 1 to 1.5 cm. wide, thin, naked, early 

 explanate and later revolute or involute, turning from gray to black, the 

 flat disk ferruginous and warty; gills free but very close, at first obtuse 

 at both ends, soon splitting from the top of the pileus but not from the 

 margin, spores black, narrowly ovate, 12 to 13 by 6.5 n; stipe 4 cm. 

 high, 1 to 1.5 mm. thick, slightly attenuate upward, white, naked, hollow. 



Manila, on rotting leaves. 



Differs from C. deliquescens Fries in that the lamella are so close to 

 the stipe as to appear adnate. 



C. revolutus Copeland. Pileus 2 cm. or less wide, passing from cam- 

 panulate through plane to broadly revolute, the disk flat and brown-gran- 

 ulose, the periphery subfurfuraceous, sulcate; gills 70 or less, barely 

 touching the stipe, narrow, acute at both ends, black; spores 11 to 13 by 

 8 ju, black, apiculate at base; stipe about 10 cm. high, 1 to 1.5 mm. thick 

 at the top, 2 to 2.5 mm. toward the base, white, hollow, fragile, velvety 

 below. 



Manila, coprophilous. 



Related to C. nebulosus Zoll., but distinguished by the stipe's being 

 velvety below but not bulbous; similar to C. rostrupianus, but essentially 

 different in the split gills. Among the species of its own section, this 

 is notable for its crowded gills. 



C. rimosus Copeland. Pileus 1.5 to 2 cm. high and wide, thin, cylindric- 

 campanulate or conical, truncate, naked, very early split downward through 

 the gills and so plicate in appearance, tawny-gray outside, turning black 

 in clefts, the tawny disk flat or concave; gills free and somewhat remote, 

 cut away tow T ard the stipe, obtuse at the margin, black, becoming pale 

 with age, without cystidia; spores 15 by 13.5 p.. black, typically subangular 

 and broadest toward the apex, stipe hollow, white, naked, equal. 



Manila, on horse manure. 



This species differs from C. plicatilis Fries in the non-explanate pileus. 

 broader spores and habitat of manure. 



C. pseudo-pi icatus Copeland. Pileus early flattened out, about 3 cm. 

 wide, thin, at first squamulose, becoming black because of its thinness, 

 deeply split downward through the gills, making the structurally entire 

 margin cuspidate-dentate; disk brown, subumbonate, or in age concave; 

 gills about 60, 3 mm. deep, adnate to a narrow collar, black, or pale after 

 the spores are cast; spores 20 to 22 by 11 to 12 ^ obtuse, thickest toward 

 the base, black; basidia 30 fj. high, disposed regularly over the hymenium, 

 15 to 20 fj. apart; stipe 10 cm. or less high, 1 to 4 mm. thick, equal, 

 straight, smooth, hollow. 



Manila, on horse manure and rotten leaves. 



Related to C. plicatilis (Curt.) Fries and C. sociatus Fries but distin- 

 guished from botli by the large spores, close gills and flakes on the young 

 pileus. 



