ENORMOUS PRODUCTION OF WHISKY. 121 



that portion of the produce which is consumed in the mainte- 

 nance of the farmer's family, and which is included in the cost 

 of production. The cost of farm labour averages one dollar a 

 day, without board. 



The extent to which labour is economised in this State by 

 steam power is estimated to be equal to the labour of 700,000 

 men. The number of reaping and mowing machines manu- 

 factured in 1857 was about 7000, which is seven times as 

 many as in all England for either that year or last. It is by 

 means like these that America accomplishes, with compara- 

 tively few hands, the cultivation of such vast extents of land. 



The quantity of whisky produced in Ohio is extraordinary, 

 being not less than 26,000,000 of gallons annually. This is 

 double the quantity made in all Scotland, and very nearly 

 equals the annual consumption of spirits in the whole of the 

 United Kingdom. The quantity of spirits consumed in Great 

 Britain has been computed to be equal to one gallon, or six 

 bottles, a head for every person of all ages and sexes of the 

 entire population. But Ohio leaves us far in the distance, as 

 her production of whisky is equal to sixty-eight bottles for 

 every individual of her entire population. No argument 

 against the temperate habits of the people can, however, be 

 founded on this fact with any certainty, as a very large quan- 

 tity of spirits is exported to other States, and much of it is 

 used in the arts and manufactures of the country. 



If pre-eminent in the production of whisky, Ohio stands 

 high in the support of education. She expends half a million 

 sterling yearly in the maintenance of schools, which is at the 

 rate of 125. 0>d. for each child in the State. The public ex- 

 penditure in Great Britain for the same object does not exceed 

 2s. for each child in the population. It is a very remarkable 

 fact that this single State, which, in the beginning of this cen- 

 tury was an almost untrodden forest, spent nearly as much of 

 6 



