OF NATURAL PHILOSOPHY. 303 



we are led to regard the former, universally, 

 as particular cases of the latter, a generaliza- 

 tion resulting chiefly from the experiments 

 of Faraday on the condensation of the gases, 

 and those of Gay Lussac and Dalton, on the 

 laws of their expansion by heat compared 

 with that of vapours. 



6 The establishment of the laws of the combin- 



ation of gases and vapours by definite vo- 

 lumes, by Gay Lussac. 



7 The discovery of the chemical effects of elec- 



tricity, and the decomposing agency of the 

 Voltaic pile, by Nicholson and Carlisle ; the 

 investigation of the laws of such decompo- 

 sitions, by Berzelius and Hisinger: the de- 

 composition of the alkalies by Davy, and the 

 consequent introduction into chemistry of 

 new and powerful agents in their metallic 



8. The application of che'mical analysis to all the 



objects of organized and unorganized nature, 

 and the discovery of the ultimate constituents 

 of all, and the proximate ones of organic 

 matter, and the recognisance of the import- 

 ant distinctions which appear to divide these 

 great classes of bodies from each other. 



9. The applications of chemistry to innumerable 



processes in the arts, and among other useful 

 purposes to the discovery of the esse itial 

 medical principles in vegetables, and to im- 

 portant medicaments in the mineral king- 

 dom. 



10. The establishment of the intimate connection 



