CONSERVATIVE LUMBERING. 



45 



depends. It happens very commonly in ordinary lum- 

 bering that vigorous, sound young trees are split and 

 ruined in great numbers by old trees falling upon them, 

 when it would be perfectly easy, and almost or quite as 

 convenient, to throw the latter where they would do 

 little or no harm. 



FIG. 27. Sawing fir into logs. Washington. 



Finally, it must cost as little as possible to fell each 

 tree, for to be successful conservative lumbering must 

 pay. 



SWAMPING AND SAWING. 



When the trees are down, their lower branches are 

 chopped off and the trunks are sawed into logs. In 

 falling, a tree is very apt to bend and hold down 



