3 8 THE PRINCIPAL SPECIES OF WOOD. 



j Fraxmus nigra Marsh. 

 Black Ash. j ]r rax j nus sambucifolia Lam. 



Nomenclature. (Sudworth.) 



Black Ash (local and common Swamp Ash ( Vt. , R. I. , N. Y. ). 



name). Brown Ash (N. H., Tenn.). 



Water Ash (W. Va., Tenn., Hoop Ash (Vt., N. Y., Del., 



Ind.). Ohio, 111., Ind.). 



Locality. 



Northern and Northeastern States Newfoundland to Virginia, 

 westward intermittently to Manitoba and Arkansas. 



Features of Tree. 



Seventy to eighty feet in height, one to one and one-half feet in 

 diameter. Leaves resemble those of Elder. A thin tree. 

 Excrescences or knobs frequent on trunk. Dark, almost 

 black, winter buds. 



Color, Appearance, or Grain of Wood. 



Heartwood dark brown, sapwood light brown, often nearly 

 white, coarse-grained, compact structure, medullary rays 

 numerous and thin. 



Structural Qualities of Wood. 



Separates easily in layers, rather soft and heavy, tough, elastic, 

 not strong or durable when exposed. 



Representative Uses of Wood. 



\/ Largely used for interior finish, fencing, barrel-hoops, cabinet- 

 making, splint baskets, chair-bottoms. 



Weight of Seasoned Wood in Pounds per Cubic Foot 



39- 

 Modulus of Elasticity. 



1,230,000. 

 Modulus of Rupture. 



11,400. 

 Remarks. 



Excrescences known as burls; their distorted grain causes them 

 to be prized for veneers. The most northerly of ash-trees; 

 one of the most slender of trees. 



