42 THE PRINCIPAL SPECIES OF WOOD. 



White Elm. Ulmus americana Linn. 



Nomenclature. (Sud worth. ) 



White Elm (local and common name). 



Water Elm (Miss., Tex., Ark., Mo., 111., la., Mich., Minn., 



Neb.). 



Elm (Mass., R. I., Conn., N. }., Pa., N. C., S. C., la., Wis.). 

 American Elm (Vt., Mass., R. I., X. V., Del., Pa., N. C., 

 Miss., Tex., 111., Ohio, Kans., Neb., Mich., Minn.). 



Locality. 



East of Rocky Mountains, Newfoundland to Florida, westward 

 intermittently to Dakota, Nebraska, and Texas. 



Features of Tree. 



Ninety to one hundred feet in height, three to seven feet in 

 diameter. Characteristic and beautiful form, smooth buds; 

 leaves, smaller than those of Slippery Elm, are rough only when 

 rubbed one way. 



Color, Appearance, or Grain of Wood. 



Heartwood light brown, sapwood yellowish white, rather 

 coarse-grained, annual rings clearly marked. 



Structural Qualities of Wood. 



Strong, tough, fibrous, difficult to split. 



Representative Uses of Wood. 



Flooring, wheel-stock, cooperage, ship-building, flumes, piles. 



Weight of Seasoned Wood in Pounds per Cubic Foot. 

 34 (U. S. Forestry Division.)* 



40. 



Modulus of Elasticity. 



1,540,000 (average of 18 tests by U. S. Forestry Div.).* 



1,060,000. 



Modulus of Rupture. 



10,300 (average of 18 tests by U. S. Forestry Div.).* 



12, 100. 



Remarks. 



The concentration of foliage at top, together with the form of 

 the tree, renders it valuable in landscape work. It does not 

 cause dense shade. Elm and silver-maple trees are among 

 the first to show life in spring. Discarded brownish scales 

 then cover ground in vicinity. 



* See page 8. 



