EXOGENOUS SERIES NEEDLE LEAF WOODS. 151 



Northern Pine, Scotch Pine, Dantzic Pine. Pinus sylvesiris Linn. 

 Nomenclature. 



Dantzic Fir (from place of Stettin Fir (from place of 



shipment). shipment). 



Rigi Fir (from place of ship- Swedish Fir. 



ment). Scots or Scottish Fir. 



Memel Fir (from place of Northern Fir. 



shipment). Redwood, Yellowwood. 



Deal (Local). 

 Locality. 



Widespread in Europe, as Scotland, Germany, and Russia; also 

 Asia. Naturalized in United States. 



Features of Tree, 



Fifty to one hundred feet in height, two to five feet in diameter; 

 sometimes larger. 



Color, Appearance, or Grain of Wood. 



Heartwood reddish white to yellowish white, sapwood similar. 

 Even straight grain (varies with locality). 



Structural Qualities of Wood. 



Moderately light, hard, tough, and elastic, easily worked (varies 

 with locality). 



Representative Uses of Wood. 



Carpentry, construction, planks, beams, masts, heavy timber. 



Weight of Seasoned Wood in Pounds per Cubic Foot. 

 34 (Lazlett *) (varies with locality). 



Modulus of Elasticity. 



1,680,000 (Lazlett) (varies with locality). 

 1,800,000 (Thurston). 



Modulus of Rupture. 



7000 (Thurston) (varies with locality). 



Remarks. 



Principal soft wood of Europe. Widely distributed; local 

 peculiarities once thought to denote different species. Fields 

 tributary to Dantzic and Rigi afford best wood. Wood 

 " equal to Dantzic Fir " sometimes specified. The best European 

 equivalent for White Pine is the Stone Pine (Pinus cenbra) y 

 said to best developed in Switzerland. It affords a smooth, 

 fine-grained wood that is often seen in carving. The Bhotan 

 Pine (Pinus excelsa) of the Himalayan region is the best repre- 

 sentative in Asia. This wood resembles true white pine very 

 closely, and the trees are similar in size and habit. 



* Table CLXVII, p. 418. 



