158 THE PRINCIPAL SPECIES OF WOOD. 



White Spruce. Picea engelmanni Engelm. 



Nomenclature. (Sudworth.) 



White Spruce (Ore., Col., White Pine (Idaho), Moun- 



Utah, Idaho). tain Spruce (Mont. ). 



Balsam, Engelmann's Spruce 



(Utah). 



Locality. 



Rocky Mountain region, Montana to Mexico, Washington, 

 Oregon, and British Columbia (high elevations). 



Features of Tree. 



Frequently seventy-five to one hundred feet in height and some- 

 times higher, two to three feet in diameter, sometimes low 

 shrub. 



Color, Appearance, or Grain of Wood. 



Heartwood pale reddish yellow, sapwood similar. Close, straight 

 grain, compact structure, conspicuous medullary rays. 



Structural Qualities of Wood. 

 Light, soft, not strong. 



Representative Uses of Wood. 



Lumber, charcoal, fuel. Bark rich in tannin, sometimes used 

 for tanning. 



Weight of Seasoned Wood in Pounds per Cubic Foot 



21. 

 Modulus of Elasticity. 



i, 140,000. 

 Modulus of Rupture. 



8100. 



Remarks. 



Notable as resident of high altitudes, extensive forests occurring 

 at eight to ten thousand feet above sea-level. A valuable 

 tree of the central and southern Rocky Mountain region. 



