174 THE PRINCIPAL SPECIES OF WOOD. 



cedar," and is obtained from several valuable trees.* The 

 arborvitaes (T. occidentalis} vary in size from large bushes used 

 in hedging and ornamentation to small-sized trees gathered 

 for wood. They are most vigorous on cold, wet areas known 

 as cedar swamps. t The giant arborvitae (T. gigantea), noted 

 for its great girth, and the yellow and Lawson Cypresses, are 

 important Pacific coast species. The incense cedar, while 

 much subject to fungus trouble, is also prized.:}: White cedar 

 wood is durable, plentiful, and employed in exposed positions 

 as ties and shingles. 



Arborvitaes (T/tuya) have very small overlapping leaves 

 that form flat rods or fan-like sprays. The cones are oblong, 

 less than one-half inch in length, and all of their six or eight 

 scales separate or open when ripe. The cypresses (Chamcecy- 

 paris) exhibit similar foliage, but their tiny cones are simple, 

 roughened, close, or solid globules. The Junipers {Junipcrus) 

 often, but not always, bear bluish-black berries powdered with 

 a whitish-blue bloom. The true cedars (Ccdrus) differ from 

 the others in that they have simple needle leaves, an inch, 

 more or less, in length, together with cones erect and several 

 inches in length, 'the Deodar or cedar of India is of this 

 genus. The principal American red and white cedars are as 

 follows : 



Red Cedar. White Cedar. 



Red Cedar (Juniperus virginiand). Arborvitae (Thuya occidentalis). 

 Red Cedar (Juniperns scopulornni). Canoe Cedar (Thuya gigantea). 

 Red Cedar (Juniperus barbadfttsis). White Cedar (Chamacyparis thyoides). 



Port Orford Cedar (Chamcrcyparis law- 



soniana). 



Yellow Cedar (Chamtrcyparis nutkaensis). 

 Incense Cedar (Libodecrus decurrens). 

 Spanish Cedar. (See page 128.) 



* Heartwood often light grayish brown. 



f Trunks of considerable size often grow surrounding, but apart from, such 

 swamps. Vigorous lower branches impede progress through swamps, which are 

 often as thick as to resemble immense cultivated hedges. (Trans. Am. Inst. M. E., 

 Vol XXIX, p. 157.) 



\ Von Schrenk, Contribution No. 14, Shaw School of Botany, St. Louis. 



