EXOGENOUS SERIES NEEDLE LEAF WOODS. 175 



Red Cedar. . Juniperus virginiana Linn. 



Nomenclature. (Sudworth. ) 



Red Cedar (local and common Savin (Mass., R. I., N. Y., 



name). Pa., Minn.). 



Cedar (Conn., Pa., N. J., Juniper, Red Juniper, Juniper 



S. C., Ky., 111., la., Ohio). Bush (local). 

 Pencil Cedar, Cendre (La. ). 



Locality. 



Atlantic coast, Canada to Florida, westward intermittently to 

 Mississippi River in the North, and Colorado River in the 

 South. 



Features of Tree. 



Fifty to eighty feet in height, two to three feet in diameter. 

 Sometimes low shrubs. Dark -green foliage, loose ragged outer 

 bark. 



Color, Appearance, or Grain of Wood. 



Heartwood dull red, thin sapwood nearly white. Close, even 

 grain, compact structure, annual layers easily distinguishable. 



Structural Qualities of Wood. 



Light, soft, weak, brittle, easily worked, durable, fragrant. 



Representative Uses of Wood. 



Ties, sills, posts, interior finish, pencil-cases, chests, cigar-boxes. 



Weight of Seasoned Wood in Pounds per Cubic Foot. 



30- 

 Modulus of Elasticity. 



950,000. 

 Modulus of Rupture. 



10,500. 



Remarks. 



Fragrance of wood utilized as insecticide. The Western Red 

 Cedar (/. scopulorum) and the Southern Red Cedar (/. bar- 

 badensis) afford similar wood. Live trees (Juniperus vir- 

 giniana} are sometimes attacked by fungi similar to those 

 associated with living cypress and incense cedar trees. The 

 disease stops with felling, and pitted boards have been known 

 to last for over fifty years. Also see von Schrenk, Contri- 

 bution 44, Shaw School of Botany, also Two Diseases of Red 

 Cedar, U. S. Division Vegetable Physiology and Pathology, 

 Bui. 21, Mohr, U. S. Forestry Bulletin No. 31. 



