EXOGENOUS SER1ES-NEEDLELEAF WOODS, 177 



White Cedar, Arborvitae. Thuya occidental Linn. 

 Nomenclature. (Sudworth.) 



White Cedar, Arborvitae (local Atlantic Red Cedar (Cal.). 



and common names). Vitae (Del.). 



Cedar (Me., Vt., N. Y.). 



Locality. 



Northern States eastward from Manitoba and Michigan. North- 

 ward, also occasionally southward, as in mountain region of 

 North Carolina and eastern Tennessee. 



Features of Tree. 



Thirty to sixty feet high, one to three feet or more in diameter, 

 often smaller. Bruised leaves emit characteristic pungent 

 odor, rapidly tapering trunk. 



Color, Appearance, or Grain of Wood. 



Heartwood light brown, darkening with exposure, thin sapwood, 

 nearly white. Even, rather fine grain, compact structure. 



Structural Qualities of Wood. 



Soft, light, weak, brittle, durable, inflammable. Permits spikes 

 to work loose. 



Representative Uses of Wood. 



Railway ties, telegraph poles, posts, fencing, shingles, and 



boats. 

 Weight of Seasoned Wood in Pounds per Cubic Foot. 



19. 

 Modulus of Elasticity. 



750,000. 

 Modulus of Rupture. 



7200. 



Remarks. 



Trunks so shaped as to be seldom sawn for lumber. Often used 

 for telegraph or other poles, or else thin upper ends are used 

 for posts, and lower section flattened into ties. The wood is 

 remarkably durable. Hough mentions a prostrate cedar tree, 

 over the trunk of which, a hemlock, exhibiting one hundred 

 and thirty yearly rings had taken root. The cedar had been 

 in contact with the ground for at least that time. Much of the 

 wood of this tree was yet sound and much was eventually cut 

 into shingles. 



