EXOGENOUS SERIES-NEEDLELEAF WOODS. I7g 



White Cedar. Chamcecyparis thyoides L. 



Nomenclature. (Suduorth.) 



White Cedar (local and com- Post Cedar,Swamp Cedar (Del ) 



mon name )' Juniper (Ala., N. P C ., Va.) 



Locality. 



coast to Mlssissippi ' best i 



Features of Tree. 



Sixty to eighty feet in height, three to four feet in diameter 



Shaggy rugged bark. A graceful tree. 

 Color, Appearance, or Grain of Wood. 



Heartwood pinkish to darker brown, sapwood lighter. Close- 

 grained, compact structure, conspicuous layers. 

 Structural Qualities of Wood. 



Very light, soft, not strong, extremely durable in exposed posi- 

 tions, fragrant, easily worked. 



Representative Uses of Wood. 



Boats, railway ties, fencing, poles, posts, shingles. 



Weight of Seasoned Wood in Pounds per Cubic Foot. 

 23 (U. S. Forestry Div.). 



20. 



Modulus of Elasticity. 



910,000 (average of 87 tests by U. S. Forestry Div.). 



570,000. 



Modulus of Rupture. 



6310 (average of 87 tests by U. S. Forestry Div.). 

 6400. 



Remarks. 



Grows chiefly in swamps. " White cedar posts " last many years. 

 Thyoides is from Thuya meaning arborvitae and eidos, the 

 Greek for " resemblance." 



The shallow-water timber swamp is very formidable. The " white 

 cedar swamp" of the Lake Superior region, for example, is covered by 

 growth with vigorous branches close down by the ground. These meet 

 and cross so that passage resembles progress through a cultivated hedge. 

 The roots lie partly out of water and, while apparently sound, are slippery 

 and sometimes decayed! so that pedestrians stepping or springing from 

 one to another, encumbered by burdens and obstructed by wiry branches, 

 are apt to slip and fall. The constant use of arms and limbs with shocks 

 caused by the shifting of " packs " during falls and the annoying insects, 

 require strength and patience. Such northern swamps can best be 

 penetrated during winter. The so-called tamarack swamp of the north 

 differs in that there is an absence of under branches. The cypress is the 

 characteristic swampland tree of the South. 



