THE SCOPE OF BIOLOGY. 123 



a. The established functional phenomena of individual 



organisms. 

 &. The changing functional phenomena of successions of 



organisms. 



3 An account of the actions of Structures on Functions 

 and the re-actions of Functions on Structures. Like the 

 others, this is divisible into: 



a. The actions and re-actions as exhibited in individual 



organisms. 

 &. The actions and re-actions as exhibited in successions 



of organisms. 



4. An account of the phenomena attending the production 

 of successions of organisms : in other words the phenomena 

 of Genesis. 



Of course, for purposes of exploration and teaching, the 

 division into Zoology and Botany, founded on contrasts so 

 marked and numerous, must always be retained. But here 

 recognizing this familiar distinction only as much as con- 

 venience obliges us to do, let us now pass on to consider, 

 more in detail, the classification of biologic phenomena above 

 set down in its leading outlines. 



38. The facts of structure shown in an individual 

 organism, are of two chief kinds. In order of conspicuous- 

 ness, though not in order of time, there come first those 

 arrangements of parts which characterize the mature or- 

 ganism; an account of which, originally called Anatomy, is 

 now called Morphology. Then come those successive modifi- 

 cations through which the organism passes in its progress 

 from the germ to the developed form; an account of which 

 is called Embryology. 



The structural changes which any series of individual 

 organisms exhibits, admit of similar classification. On the 

 one hand, we have those inner and outer differences of shape, 

 that arise between the adult members of successive genera- 

 tions descended from a common stock differences which, 



