366 THE INDUCTIONS OF BIOLOGY. 



place in a vast aggregate of inorganic matter which is the 

 seat of very simple forces the Solar System. Transcend- 

 ently different as this is in all other respects, it is analogous 

 in the respect that, as factors of local structures, local influ- 

 ences predominate over the influences of the aggregate. For 

 while the members of the Solar System, considered as a whole, 

 are subordinate to the totality of its forces, the arrange- 

 ments in each part of it are produced almost wholly by the 

 play of forces in that part. Though the Sun affects the 

 motions of the Moon, and though during the evolution of the 

 Earth-and-Moon system the Sun exercised an influence, yet 

 the relations of our world and its satellite in respect of 

 masses and motions were in the main locally determined. 

 Still more clearly was it thus with Jupiter and his satellites 

 or Saturn with his rings and satellites. Remembering that 

 the ultimate units of matter of which the Solar System is 

 composed are of the same kinds, and that they act on one 

 another in conformity with the same laws, we see that, re- 

 mote as the case is from the one we are considering in all 

 other respects, it is similar in the respect that during organ- 

 ization the energies in each locality work effects which are 

 almost independent of the effects worked by the general ener- 

 gies. In this vast aggregate, as in the minute aggregates now 

 in question, the parts are practically autogenous. 



Having thus seen that in a way we have not hitherto recog- 

 nized the same general principles pervade inorganic and 

 organic evolution, let us revert to the case of super-organic 

 evolution from which a parallel was drawn above. As anal- 

 ogous to the germinal mass of units out of which a new 

 organism is to evolve, let us take an assemblage of colonists 

 not yet socially organized but placed in a fertile region men 

 derived from a society (or rather a succession of societies) of 

 long-established type, who have in their adapted natures the 

 proclivity towards that type. In passing from its wholly 

 unorganized state to an organized state, what will be the 

 first step? Clearly this assemblage, though it may have 



