THE FOOT 25 



slender bones attached to them, which form the smaller 

 toes. The first has two heavier and longer bones, which 

 form the big toe. 



The human foot differs markedly from that of man's 

 nearest relatives in the animal world, the apes. It is 

 so firmly knit together that, unlike theirs, it is nearly 

 useless for grasping and for climbing. This disadvan- 

 tage is more than counterbalanced, however, by the 

 fact that its strength enables man to walk firmly upon 

 his feet and thereby to maintain an upright posture. 



EXPERIMENTS AND DEMONSTRATIONS 



Materials: Human skeleton; skeletons of monkey, cat (dog or 

 rabbit), bird and fish; dissection of cat (dog or rabbit) with 

 all flesh removed; lobster; crab; fly (spider); and clam 

 (mussel). 



1) Demonstrate the human skeleton as a whole and in detail. 



2) Compare the human skeleton with those of a monkey, cat 

 or dog, bird and fish. 



3) Demonstrate the freshly dissected skeleton of a cat, dog, 

 or rabbit, to show bones, ligaments and joints. 



4) Compare the skeleton of a vertebrate with those of a lob- 

 ster, crab, fly (spider) and clam (mussel). 



5) Imitate the natural shoulder movements upward, forward 

 and backward, with the skeleton. Carefully compare those 

 made with the body with those made with the skeleton, noticing 

 in detail the movements of clavicle and scapula. 



6) Imitate in like manner the various movements of the arms 

 and hands. Write them out and illustrate. 



