BIOLOGICAL MEASURES IN THE TREATMENT OF CANCER 233 



judged guilty of gross negligence, amounting to malpractice. But 

 this presentation of the case may advantageously be delayed until 

 discussion has been had of the new therapeutic measures in 

 question. 



SECTION IV 



"BIOLOGICAL MEASURES" IN THE TREATMENT 

 OF CANCER 



As preliminary to such discussion, it will be well to take a brief 

 survey of various tentatives in the direction of the general treat- 

 ment of cancer, made in recent years, that have seemed to have 

 scientific foundation and to meet with a certain measure of suc- 

 cess in a limited number of cases ; to the end that we may inquire 

 whether there is a point of contact between these different kinds 

 of treatment. 



The discovery of such a point of contact would obviously give 

 interesting clues to the further investigation of the subject. 



The very brief examination necessary in the present connec- 

 tion may advantageously be conducted along the lines of the 

 classification or synopsis given by Bainbridge, who summarizes 

 what he refers to as "biological measures" for the cancer treat- 

 ment under the following headings: (1) Bacterial toxins, (2) 

 Antitoxic sera, (3) Antitoxins, (4) "Toxins" or "Fluids," (5) 

 Vaccines, (6) Residues, Extracts, and Emulsions, (7) Serous 

 Exudates (Sera), (8) Opotherapeutic measures. 



Among the examples of antitoxin, antitoxic sera, and bacterial 

 toxins, the following are named: (1) Blastomycetic antitoxic 

 serum of Sanfelice, based upon the theory that cancer is due to 

 blastomycetes ; (2) Wlaeff's Serum, made from cultures of 

 blastomycetes from cancerous inoculated into pigeons; (3) 

 Serum of Emmerich and Scholl, made by inoculating sheep with 

 Streptococcus erysipelatosus; (4) Doyen's Serum, from Micro- 

 coccus neoformans; (5) Schmidt's Serum, from Mucor muccdo 

 (Cancroidin, Antimeristem) ; (6) Wyeth's Toxins of Strepto- 

 coccus; (7) Coley's Fluid Mixed toxins of Streptococcus 

 erysipelatosus and Bacillus prodigiosus. 



Among the vaccines named are the Mlcrococcus Neoformans 

 Vaccine (Doyen), used in connection with the serum made from 

 the same organism, and the Bacterial Vaccine of Jacob and Geets, 

 made from cultures of the same micrococcus sterilized and 

 standardized according to the opsonic theory. 



