ANIMAL EXPERIMENTATION AND PROTEAL THERAPY 279 



cocytes appear first at the place of the implanted tumor, and 

 undergo degeneration, without showing phagocytic activity. The 

 lymphocytes then appear in large numbers in the region of the 

 inoculated tumor, gradually diminishing after immunity is estab- 

 lished. According to his observation, inoculation of dead tumor 

 cells was not followed by round cell infiltration nor by the de- 

 velopment of tumor immunity. The observations were thought 

 to establish a close relationship between the leucocytosis and the 

 development of tumor immunity. 



Dr. F. W. Baeslack, of Detroit, Mich., was led to take up a 

 specific investigation of the modifications of the leucocytic blood 

 count in mice suffering from transplanted tumors. The results of 

 his researches were published in the Zeitschrift fiir Immunitats- 

 forschung for 1913. He points out that the observation of the 

 increase of leucocytes in cancer was made as long ago as 1843 

 by Andrae, and confirmed in detail by Liidke in 1867. The latter 

 observer concluded "that the increase in the number of leucocytes 

 was a sign that the disease had become general and involved the 

 whole body." Reference is made to other workers who have 

 made observations on the leucocytes in cancer, but the list is a 

 surprisingly short one considering the enormous bulk of cancer 

 literature in general. 



Dr. Baeslack's experiments had to do with several series of 

 inoculated cancer mice. He states that his count of the blood 

 Icells included the large mononuclears and the eosinophiles, but 

 his percentages and charts are given only for polynuclears and 

 small lymphocytes. As to these he says: 



"It is of interest to note that the small mononuclear lympho- 

 cytes decreased during the period of active tumor growth, while 

 the polymorphonuclear leucocytes increased, and that shortly be- 

 fore the retrogression of the tumor became noticeable the rela- 

 tionship between these two classes of cells was entirely changed." 



The charts presented give graphic illustration of the observa- 

 tion that when the polynuclear leucocytes went up and the small 

 lymphocytes went down, the case was progressing badly. In 

 one case at an early stage the polynuclears went up to 55 per 

 cent, and the lymphocytes went down to 26 per cent. (It must 

 be recalled that the polynuclears are relatively sparse 16.9 per 

 cent., according to Price Jones and lymphocytes relatively 

 abundant 59.7 per cent. in normal mouse-blood). But at a 

 later stage, when the tumor was undergoing regression, the 

 polynuclears went down to 16 per cent, (substantially normal), 

 and the small lymphocytes advanced to 48 per cent, of the total 

 leucocyte count, a number probably within the limits of normal 

 variation. 



