ANIMAL EXPERIMENTATION AND PROTEAL THERAPY 281 



approximations to the normal ; whereas the really significant fea- 

 ture of this count had to do with the large monocytes, which rose 

 far above normal as the case progressed favorably (as we learn 

 by subtracting the polymorphs and lymphocytes from the total 

 count), yet which he did not think it worth while specifically to 

 enumerate. 



This correspondence between clinical experience with the 

 human subject and laboratory observation of mice, as regards the 

 modifications of leucocyte differential count when the system ap- 

 pears to be getting the better of a cancer invasion, is at least 

 highly suggestive. 



That Price Jones should have noted a rise of large monocytes 

 in cancerous mice presumably not progressing favorably is ob- 

 viously consistent with the thesis concerning the response to the 

 presence of cancer cells exposited in detail in an earlier chapter 

 of the present work ; and it may be observed that the mice in ques- 

 tion, as studied by Price Jones, showed increase in polynuclears 

 also, precisely as did Baeslack's mice that were not recovering. 



Of course it will not be overlooked that rise of polynuclears, 

 taken by itself, is a phenomenon familiarly associated with bac- 

 terial infections, and that the latter may occur as a complication 

 in many cases of malignant involvement. But it will be obvious 

 that the modification of the differential count recorded in the 

 protein-response tables is quite different from that induced by 

 bacterial infection, inasmuch as a characteristic feature is the 

 reduction rather than the increase of both relative and absolute 

 polynuclear numbers. 



Meantime it should be observed that students of the infections 

 have tended to focus attention on the polynuclear "microphages" 

 to the neglect of the mononuclear "macrophages." Even where 

 the latter were counted, the possible significance of modifications 

 of their numbers, is frequently overlooked or ignored. Thus in 

 the very interesting and important studies of Gay and Claypole, 

 as recorded in the Archives of Internal Medicine for November, 

 1914, in which the leucocytosis induced in normal and immunized 

 rabbits by the injection of Bacillus typhosus is studied differen- 

 tially, stress is laid entirely on the increase in polynuclears, al- 

 though the facts recorded permit interesting inferences regarding 

 the large mononuclears also, since the actual count of these cells 

 twenty-four hours after inoculation showed an increase per cubic 

 millimeter from 670 to 3,014 a four-and-a-half-fold advance. 

 It is true that the advance of polynuclears was even more over- 

 whelming (from 5,226 to 60,480) ; but on the other hand, the 

 small lymphocytes advanced only from 7,370 to 11,340, an in- 

 crease of but 54 per cent, suggesting by contrast that the four- 

 and-a-half fold advance of the large lymphocytes is not to be 



