ANIMAL EXPERIMENTATION AND PROTEAL THERAPY 293 



planation being, in the light of what has just been said, that, on 

 one hand, the new tumor is probably relatively non-virulent and, 

 on the other hand, that the system of the patient has not had time 

 to undergo so profound a condition of metabolic disturbance as 

 accompanies the progress of the malady. 



Results attained with relative ease at an early stage become al- 

 most impossible at a later stage, in which the cancer cells were 

 additionally fortified and the bodily defenses progressively weak- 

 ened. Stimulated by the presence of the abnormal cells, the 

 blood-forming mechanism may ultimately reach a point of ex- 

 haustion which permits only a feeble response to new proteins. 

 Myelocytes, leucoblasts and lymphoidocytes take the place of 

 normal large monocytes; normal polymorphs are replaced by 

 those of small, immature type; the lymphocytes are devoid of 

 cytoplasm a "starved" type; the red cells poikilocytic or 

 nucleated. 



This, assuredly, is not a hopeful picture. Yet even under such 

 circumstances modifications in the blood in the direction of nor- 

 mality, and corresponding improvement in the general condition 

 of the patient, together with modifications of the neoplasm, are 

 sometimes effected by protein treatment within a relatively brief 

 period, though not with spectacular suddenness. In one of my 

 recent cases (No. 488), for example, a recurrent cancer of the 

 breast rapidly developing about one year after removal, the blood 

 count before treatment showed 33 per cent, of large mononuclear 

 leucocytes, but very few of these were normal monocytes, the 

 major part of them being of the leucoblast type. In the san?e 

 count the polynuclears represented 53.3 per cent, and the small 

 lymphocytes only 8 per cent., the eosinophiles 4.9 per cent. 



After five days'treatment with rape protein, there was a very 

 remarkable transformation. The leucoblasts had disappeared, pos- 

 sibly being transformed into polynuclears, since the latter now 

 represented 69 per cent, of the white cell count. Large mono- 

 nuclears were now only 4.6 per cent., but these were of the normal 

 type, either of true monocytes with large nucleus and basic cyto- 

 plasm or of Ehrlich's transitionals. Meantime, there had been, 

 seemingly, very active stimulation of the lymphatic system, since 

 the small lymphocytes now numbered 23.5 per cent. Many of 

 the lymphocytes were fairly large, and with a relatively large 

 amount of cytoplasm. The eosinophiles were now only 1.5 per 

 cent., but there were granular cells that stained dark, resembling 

 the eosinophiles in structure rather than true basophiles, to the 

 additional number of 4.3 per cent. 



After another interval of five days, the leucocyte count had 

 progressed still farther in the direction of normality, as regards 

 the quality of the cells, the typical large monocytes now num- 

 bered 7.2 per cent. ; the polynuclears 60.2 per cent. ; lymphocytes 



