LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 



PAGE 



1. TOTAL GEOLOGIC TIME SCALE . 68 



2. FEET AND TEETH IN FOSSIL PEDIGREE OF THE HORSE ... 72 



3. FOUR STAGES IN THE EVOLUTION OF THE CAMELINE SKULL . . 74 



4. FOUR STAGES IN THE EVOLUTION OF THE CAMELINE FORE FOOT . 75 



5. EVOLUTION OF HEAD AND MOLAR TEETH OF MASTODONS AND 



ELEPHANTS 77 



6. SKULL OF JAVA APE-MAN, Pithecanthrope erectus .... 87 



7. JAWS OF MAN AND OF THE APES. . 88 



8. RESTORATION OF PREHISTORIC MEN 90 



9. NEANDERTHALOID SKULL OF LA CHAPELLE-AUX-SAINTS ... 91 



10. SKELETON OF NEANDERTHAL MAN 92 



11. SKELETON OF SEAL 130 



12. SKELETON OF GREENLAND WHALE 132 



13. PADDLE OF WHALE COMPARED WITH HAND OF MAN . . . . 133 



14. WING OF REPTILE, MAMMAL, AND BIRD 134 



15. SKELETON OF Dinornis grains 137 



16. HERMIT CRABS COMPARED WITH COCOA-NUT CRAB .... 139 



17. RUDIMENTARY OR VESTIGIAL HIND LIMBS OF PYTHON ... 141 



18. Apteryx australis 142 



19. ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE NICTITATING MEMBRANE IN THE VARIOUS 



ANIMALS 147 



20. RUDIMENTARY, OR VESTIGIAL AND USELESS, MUSCLES OF THE 



HUMAN EAR 148 



21. PORTRAIT OF A YOUNG GORILLA 149 



22. LOWER EXTREMITIES OF A YOUNG CHILD 150 



23. AN INFANT, THREE WEEKS OLD, SUPPORTING ITS OWN WEIGHT 



FOR OVER Two MINUTES 151 



24. SACRUM OF GORILLA COMPARED WITH THAT OF MAN . . . 152 



25. DIAGRAMMATIC OUTLINE OF THE HUMAN EMBRYO WHEN ABOUT 



SEVEN WEEKS OLD 153 



26. FRONT AND BACK VIEW OF ADULT HUMAN SACRUM .... 153 



27. Appendix vermiformis IN ORANG AND IN MAN 154 



28. Appendix vermiformis IN ORANG AND MAN, SHOWING VARIATION 



IN THE ORANG 154 



IV 



