REFORESTATION IN MASSACHUSETTS. 5 



recorded that exceed 200 feet in height, with a diameter of 

 6 feet, while heights of 100 feet, with 3-foot diameters, are not 

 uncommon. 



The chief enemy of the pine forests in this State is fire, which, 

 if it does not kill the trees, so weakens them as to render them 

 liable to attack by several kinds of insects and fungi. The 

 white pine is especially susceptible when young, even a slight 

 ground fire being quite sufficient to completely kill it. 



The leading insect enemies are the white pine weevil and the 

 pine aphis. The weevil attacks the main shoot, and in some 

 cases greatly damages young trees up to the age of ten or 

 twelve years. Infested shoots should be pruned and burned 

 during the summer months. The aphis is a small sap-sucking 

 insect, and seldom does permanent damage. A simple spray 

 will easily control it in the event that it appears in large 

 numbers on a small area or on individual trees. 



The gypsy moth, while it will eat pines as well as nearly 

 every other kind of tree, does not invade pure stands containing 

 pine alone. The brown-tail moth does not feed on pine. 



The many uses of white pine are well known. Among them 

 may be mentioned building timber of all kinds, laths, cabinet 

 material, interior finish, woodenware, matches, flag poles, masts 

 and boxes. 



Red or Norway Pine (Pinus resinosa) . This tree, while com- 

 mon in northern New England, is not very familiar to residents 

 of Massachusetts. It does not grow in pure stands, but usu- 

 ally in scattered groups with other conifers and hardwoods. 

 The difficulty of collecting the seed in this locality renders the 

 cost of raising the seedlings and transplants very high. Red 

 pine, however, is a very excellent species, and compares favor- 

 ably with white pine in many respects. It is more nearly im- 

 mune from the blister rust of two-needle pines than any other 

 member of that group, and represents a safe investment when 

 planted in a favorable location. It prefers a dry sandy loam, 

 outstripping the white pine on gravelly ridges, and will thrive 

 in dry, rocky land. It should never be planted in the swamps 

 or on poorly drained land. In rate of growth the red pine is 

 more rapid than the white when young, though it is shorter- 

 lived in the long run. It reaches a height of 70 to 80 feet, 



