Contents 



CHAPTER PAGE 



RESULTS OF PLANTS 105 



Explanation of maps; Types of success and failure; Definitions; Exam- 

 ples of dispersal failure of pheasants; Dispersal failure of Hungarians; 

 Straggling failure of pheasants; Straggling failure of Hungarians; Strag- 

 gling followed by dispersal; Colony failure; Artificial establishment; 

 Full establishments; Interpretation. 



CHARACTER OF POPULATIONS 114 



Pheasant census and kill; Hungarian populations; Sex ratios; Release- 

 kill ratio; Species ratios; Movements; Food and cover, Wintering; Do 

 exotics need cover? 



INTERPRETATION OF PLANTING EXPERIENCE 122 



Summary of experience; Popular interpretation; Kinds of causes; Kinds 

 of environmental defects; Kinds of invisible factors; Pathology and nu- 

 trition; Glaciation hypothesis; Nutritional hypothesis; Need of experi- 

 mentation; Scientific and practical significance. 



MANAGEMENT OF EXOTICS 129 



Open seasons; Pheasant management in Michigan; Charges for pheasant 

 shooting. 



V. THE GAME CYCLE IN THE NORTH CENTRAL STATES. 



Background 134 



WISCONSIN FINDINGS 135 



What species are affected? How long has there been a cycle? What 

 is the length of the cycle? Is any territory exempt? Mortality by re- 

 gions; Per cent mortality by species; Lag between localities; Order of 

 mortality by species; Order of mortality by sex and age; Length of mor- 

 tality period ; Season of mortality ; Geographic peculiarities ; Relation to 

 goshawks. 



DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS 139 



Sources of cycle data, Explanation of charts and maps ; Possible causes ; 

 Present status; Evidence against pre-1907 cycles; Cycles and game ad- 

 ministration. 



VI. RUFFED GROUSE 149 



Explanation of map; Centrifugal shrinkage of range; History; Popula- 

 tion density and fluctuation; Symptoms associated with mortality; Pe- 

 culiarities of distribution; Skipped cycles; Ozark irruptions; Ruffed 

 grouse and grazing; Winter losses; Predators; Spruce hen; Seasons on 

 ruffed grouse; What nobody knows; Management program. 



VII. PRAIRIE CHICKENS. 



HISTORY, DISTRIBUTION, AND ABUNDANCE 161 



Is the prairie chicken "hopeless?"; Original distribution, Northward 

 shift; Increase with settlement, Learning to use corn; Southern sharp- 

 tails; Rise and fall on acquired range, Skipped cycles; Types of present 

 range; Recent trend of abundance; Slashings as chicken range; Census; 

 The Indiana "comeback" of 1912. 



MOVEMENTS 173 



Former winter migrations, Relation to sex; Present winter migrations; 

 Early fall flights; Radius of mobility. 



WINTER HABITS AND WINTER FEEDING 176 



Budding; Yards, packs, and roosting habits; Agricultural changes and 

 winter food; Wisconsin feeding stations. 



