120 Game Survey of the North Central States 



(3) On range inhabited by pheasants, Hungarians, and quail, not more than 

 one species appears to approach its saturation point. (Comparatively high densi- 

 ties of pheasants and quail, however, have been noted by Yeatter to coexist in 

 parts of west central Ohio.) 



(4) Low populations of pheasants, Hungarians, quail, and pinnated grouse 

 may coexist on the same farm. 



Movements. Banding work has thus far been confined to planting stock 

 in both exotic species. Obviously newly planted birds, especially pen-raised 

 pheasants, are not normal in their subsequent movements, hence the banding 

 returns from such birds tell us little or nothing about the movements normal 

 for wild birds. There is urgent need for the trapping and banding of wild birds, 

 especially on hunted areas where numerous returns are probable. Wild Hun- 

 garians should be banded in Ohio, and wild pheasants in Michigan and Minne- 

 sota. 



The movement of planted stock, however, is in itself an interesting and 

 important subject. No compilation of returns for any State in this region is 

 known to the author. One pheasant banded on release at Appleton, Wisconsin, 

 was recovered seven miles away three months later. Another banded on release 

 at Beloit, Wisconsin, was killed at St. Charles, Illinois, 55 miles away, 2 years 

 later. For comparison, it may be noted in passing that in Pennsylvania a banded 

 pheasant was recovered 40 miles away from the place of planting five years after 

 the plant was made. It seems reasonable to suppose that wild birds seldom move 

 such long distances. In central Europe some authorities regard the pheasant as 

 less mobile than the partridge. 



Dalke, of the Michigan School of Conservation, who is studying pheasants, 

 thinks that wild pheasants may breed several miles from wintering ground, which 

 is usually a marsh. It seems certain that in this region both the daily and sea- 

 sonal radius of mobility is longer than in Hungarians, and that in Hungarians it 

 is longer than in quail. 



It is common knowledge that pheasants promptly move to thick cover with- 

 in a day after shooting begins. It is important to establish the length of this 

 movement, since on it, and on the length of the seasonal movement, the maximum 

 spacing allowable in a pheasant refuge system must primarily depend. 



Food and Cover: Wintering. Wight (unpublished manuscript, 1928), 

 and Yeatter, of the Michigan School of Conservation, are studying pheasants and 

 Hungarians respectively, but pending publication of their findings, there is no 

 organized knowledge on food and cover. A few fragments of suggestive infor- 

 mationj-gathered during the survey, are here given: 



Both species are closely associated with corn, and pheasants are very closely 

 associated with swamps. 



W. W. Cook, of Madison, Wisconsin, has seen pheasants budding on willow. 

 Otto Beyer, of Portage, Wisconsin, has seen them budding on blackberry. Stigel- 

 bauer, of Oconomowoc, Wisconsin, saw four cocks budding in 1929. Whether 



