242 Game Survey of the North Central States 



sportsmen's associations. Of the three classes, the last is by far the most 

 significant. The State and private waterfowl refuges of the Hutchinson com- 

 munity, in McLeod County, are a model which might be widely copied with 

 profit. In addition Minnesota is just embarking on the acquisition of a large 

 public shooting ground for waterfowl in the region of Thief and Mud Lakes, in 

 conjunction with the proposed Federal refuge there. 



Wisconsin has a system of leased upland refuges, but it is not extensive. 

 Few of these are of any consequence. There are a few waterfowl refuges on pub- 

 lic lakes which are of real value, and this system is now being extended. There is 

 also talk of acquiring large blocks of land in the Sand Plain area for a system 

 of public refuges and shooting grounds for prairie chickens, waterfowl, and deer. 

 It is worthy of note that neither Minnesota nor Wisconsin has begun to 

 acquire forest lands for combination State forests, deer refuges, and public 

 shooting grounds, on the "Pennsylvania Plan." Michigan has made an excellent 

 start. 



Michigan has the usual system of leased upland refuges, and has made an 

 analysis of their character and the manner in which they operate. A summary of 

 this analysis is presented in a later caption. Michigan also has in process of 

 acquisition eight standard refuge units, each consisting of a State-owned deer 

 refuge surrounded by a State-owned public shooting ground. This system, while 

 by no means complete, is the most significant development of the region in the 

 category of State refuges for upland or big game. It is described in the big- 

 game chapter. 



Iowa has a few waterfowl refuges on State-owned lakes, and a few refuges in- 

 cidental to State Parks. 



Illinois has a valuable State-owned waterfowl refuge at Horseshoe Lake, 

 and a few other miscellaneous holdings classified as refuges and public shooting 

 grounds, but of small consequence. The State also has 30 leased refuges aggre- 

 gating 10,000 acres, called "preserves." Illinois is voting on a very large bond 

 issue for the acquisition of a system of refuges, public shooting grounds, and 

 recreation areas throughout the State. This system is to include both uplands and 

 lowlands suitable for waterfowl. Since the bond issue is not yet passed, and 

 since its provisions are changing from time to time, no detailed description is 

 here in order. 



Indiana has the usual system of leased refuges, and has in process the 

 acquisition of two waterfowl refuges to be surrounded by public shooting grounds 

 in the Kankakee Marshes and Jasper County, respectively. There is also a game 

 "preserve" in Brown County, which is so far operated as a game farm rather than 

 as a refuge. It has a large system of State parks, some of which have game value. 

 Ohio has the usual system of leased refuges. It also has a small but valuable 

 system of State-owned waterfowl refuges on public lakes. Its "Roosevelt Game 

 Preserve" serves only as a game farm and public amusement park. 



