BUFO. 507 



Hob. This is the commonest toad throughout India, Ceylon, and 

 Burma, ascending the Sikhim Himalayas to about 10,000 feet and 

 to 7000 feet in the Xilgiris. Its range extends to Southern China 

 and the Malay Peninsula and Archipelago. 



1 1C. Bufo parietalis. 

 Bufo parietalis, Bouleny. Cat. Batr. Sal. p. 312, pi. xxi, fig. 2. 



Head with very prominent ridges, viz. a canthal, a slight prae- 

 orbital, a supraorbital, a postorbital, a parietal, and an orbito- 

 tympanic ; parietal ridges obliquely directed inwards ; snout short, 

 blunt ; interorbital space broader than the upper eyelid ; tympanum, 

 distinct, two thirds the diameter of the eye. First finger extending 

 beyond second ; toes half webbed, with single subarticular tubercles ; 

 two moderate metatarsal tubercles ; no tarsal fold. The tarso- 

 metatarsal articulation reaches between the eye and the tip of the 

 snout. Upper surfaces covered with irregular warts ; parotoids 

 moderately elongate, elliptical, very prominent. Uniform brown 

 above ; beneath marbled with brown. Male with a subgular vocal 

 sac. 



From snout to vent 3-25 inches. 



Hal. Malabar. 



117. Bufo biporcatus. 



Bufo biporcatus, Gracenh. JMic. Jftts. Zuol. VratisL p. 53 : Bonleny. 

 Cat. Batr. Sal. p. 311. 



Crown with bony ridges, viz. a supraorbital and a parietal, form- 

 ing together a straight or nearly straight line, and a short orbito- 

 tym panic : snout short, .subacuminate, with prominent canthus 

 rostrali.s ; interorbital space a little broader than the upper eyelid ; 

 tympanum very distinct, as large as the eye. First finger usually 

 not extending beyond second ; toes half or two-thirds webbed, with 

 .single .subarticular tubercles ; two moderate metatartal tubercles ; 

 no tarsal fold. The tarso-metatarsal articulation reaches the tym- 

 panum or the eye. Upper surfaces with very prominent, conical, 

 spinous tubercles ; parotoids very prominent, small, subtriangular 

 or oval. Brownish above, marbled with darker ; beneath more or 

 less spotted with brown. Male with a subgular vocal sac. 



From snout to vent 3 inches. 



Jfab. Java and Borneo. Recently found in the mountains of 

 Tfiiasscrim by M. Fea. 



118. Bufo asper. 



Bufo asper, Graivnh. Delic. Mus. Zoo!. J'rafiaf. p. 58 ; Giinth. Kept. 

 B. I. p. 423 ; Boitleng. Cat. Batr. Sal. p. 313. 



A broad snpraorbital and a thick orbito-tympanic bony ridge ; 

 snout short, obliquely truncated ; canthus rostralis angular ; loreal 



