PANAEOLUS CAMPANULATUS 253 



species of Panaeolus, which have an annulus on their stipe after 

 the expansion of the pileus, were separated from their fellows 

 by Karsten 1 and included in a new genus Anellaria, so that we 

 now have two genera of black-spored Agaricineae with mottled 

 gills. The other genera included in the Melanosporae are Coprinus, 

 Psathyrella, and Gomphidius. In the first two mottling is absent, 

 owing to the fact that the hymenial elements are arranged in a 

 very different manner from those of Panaeolus and Anellaria. 

 Whether or not there is any trace of a fine mottling on the gills 

 of the species of Gomphidius remains to be investigated. 



Mottling of the gills is by no means confined to certain of the 

 genera of the Melanosporae, although it is most noticeable in them 

 owing to the fact that the spores are black and the lighter and 

 darker areas often relatively large. Among the Porphyrosporae, 

 where the spores are purple, brownish-purple, or dark brown, 

 I have observed the phenomenon in Psilocybe, Hypholoma, 

 Stropharia, and Psalliota, and among the Ochrosporae, where the 

 spores are yellow-brown or rust-colour, in Flammula, Cortinarius, 

 Crepidotus, and Pholiota. It is not asserted that all the species 

 belonging to these genera have mottled gills, for my investigations 

 so far are not sufficiently extended to make any such sweeping 

 generalisation ; but that each genus named has at least some 

 species in it with mottled gills I cannot doubt. The Table on 

 page 254 is a list of some of the species in which mottling of the 

 gills has been observed. 



Of Rhodosporae I have carefully examined Pluteus cervinus 

 and Nolanea pascua. These certainly do not belong to the 

 Panaeolus Sub-type and, both macroscopically and microscopically, 

 show not a trace of mottling. I have also not been able to observe 

 mottling with the naked eye on the gills of Entoloma prunuloides. 

 The evidence so far collected, therefore, indicates that the Rhodo- 

 sporae, as a group, have their hymenium very differently organised 

 from that of the Panaeolus Sub-type. The hymenial organisation 

 for the production and liberation of spores in Pluteus cervinus 

 and Nolanea pascua is, as we shall see, quite similar to that in 



1 P. A. Karsten, Eysslands, Finlmds och den Skandinaviska Halfons Hatt- 

 svampar, Helsingfors, 1879, p. 517. 



