PANAEOLUS CAMPANULATUS 289 



Fig. 96. Such a statement is made possible through the appli- 

 cation of the knowledge which was gained with the horizontal 

 microscope in respect to spore-development. In the white areas 

 A, D, and F, the basidia are relatively young, for their spores are 

 only between 0-0 and 2-25 hours old. Some of these spores, A 2, 

 A 3, F IX, and F X, which are only partially grown and there- 

 fore not yet of full size, are even less than an hour old. The others 

 which have attained full size, A 1, D X, D XI, D XII, F VI, F VII, 

 and F VIII, are still colourless : they are only partially filled 

 with the protoplasm and reserve foodstuffs which are slowly 

 passing into them from the basidium-bodies through the narrow 

 sterigmatic passages. In the brown areas, C and G, the basidia 

 of the present generation, C IX, G IV, and G V, are relatively 

 more advanced, for their spores are between 2-25 and 3-75 hours 

 old. These spores have received most of their contents from the 

 basidium-body, arid their walls have already become brown. The 

 process of pigmentation, which will eventually turn the spores 

 black, is in full swing, and the spore-walls are slowly deepening 

 in tint. In the black areas, B, E, and H, the basidia of the present 

 generation, B IV, B V, B VI, B VII, B VIII, E y, E z, HI, 

 H II, and H III, are the most advanced of all ; for their spores 

 are quite black, between 3 75 and 7 25 hours old, and preparing 

 themselves for the moment of discharge. Two of the basidia, 

 B IV and E y, are in the very act of discharging their spores and 

 have therefore attained the maximum age. From E y the last 

 spore, and from B IV the last spore but one, should be shot away 

 within about one second, for drops of fluid of full normal size have 

 just been excreted from their respective hila. 



The sporabolas of a number of spores, which have been shot 

 from the hymenium and have fallen in still air, are shown magnified 

 20 times in Fig. 85 (p. 249). In Fig. 96 (p. 287), where the magnifi- 

 cation is 465, it was found impracticable to represent any spore- 

 trajectories owing to want of space on the page. A portion of 

 Fig. 96 has therefore been reproduced in Fig. 97, and to it 

 the sporabolic paths of several spores have been added. As in 

 other Agaricineae, the four spores of each basidium of Panaeolus 

 campanulatus are shot in succession outwards into an interlamellar 



